and Spouting Fountains. 239 



movement of machinery during the most severe winters, whe- 

 ther it be directly, when they are abundant, or, in other cases, 

 only as a means of washing away the ice, which is apt to stop 

 the movement of the water-wheels. 



In Wurtemburg, M. Bruckman, by transmitting through me- 

 tallic pipes, conveniently placed, a current of water, at a tempera- 

 ture of 54° Fahr., which is derived from several natural springs, 

 keeps up a temperature at 47°, in various manufactories where 

 the external cold lowers the thermometer to zero. This is a 

 simple imitation of a plan which has been long practised in the 

 village of Chaudes-Aigues ; the results, however, are worthy of 

 consideration. 



Greenhouses also are in existence, in which the temperature 

 is maintained very equally, by the effects of the constant circu- 

 lation of a large quantity of water, derived ffora these sources, 



During heavy rains, the work of paper-mills is often interrupt- 

 ed, on accoimt of the impurity of the water. These forced 

 stoppages come to an end, when the constant limpid supply of 

 a projecting fountain can be employed. 



In some localities the invariably pure waters of a steady tem- 

 perature, proceeding from these springs, have been the means of 

 establishing very lucrative artificial cress-plois. The beautiful 

 growth of cresses in those parts of the beds of rivulets where 

 these natural springs existed, has suggested this application. It 

 is positively stated that the artificial cress-plots of Erfurt yield 

 not less than ,£'12,000 per annum. 



The very fine lint which is intended for the manufacture of 

 cambric, lawn, lace, &c. is steeped in the Department dii Nord, 

 with very particular care. In a single commune, between Douai 

 and Valenciennes, there are ten or a dozen ratting-pools, which 

 are fed entirely by water from a projeciing fountain. It has 

 been thought that the purity of these waters, and the invariabi- 

 lity of their temperature, by accelerating the solution of the 

 gum-resins, preserve the valuable qualities of the filaments of 

 the lint in the highest degree of perfection. 



In fish-ponds, the fish are apt to die during the winter, from 

 the severity of the cold, and in summer from the heat. By 

 turning the invariably temperate waters of an abundant artesian 



H 2 



