Liverpool and Manchester Raiheay. 329 



inontlis before receiving a renewal, or • thorough repair. The 

 " Vulcan," a train engine, ran no less than 47,000 miles before 

 it required to be taken into the shed for repairs, and the " Fire- 

 fl)." ran -50,000 miles. I have never seen any correct account of 

 the work done by the several engines, or the repairs made on 

 them. According, however, to the Railway Company''s reports, 

 the expenditure connected with locomotive power, exclusively of 

 outlay for new engines, amounts to the extraordinary sum of 

 about L. 28,000 per annum. On visiting the Stockton and 

 Darlington Railway in the month of November last, I learned, 

 through the kindness of Messrs Pease, the promoters of this un- 

 dertaking, that the engines running on that railway very seldom 

 required repair ; although in their construction, and the work- 

 manship employed on them, they fall greatly short of those in 

 use on the Liverpool and Manchester line. But at Darlington 

 the rate of travelling is only eight miles per hour, while at Liver- 

 pool twenty-five miles per hour is the usual speed ; and hence 

 we are fully warranted in supposing that the great tear and wear 

 on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway may be chiefly attri- 

 buted to the speed at which the engines are worked. Notwith- 

 standing the smooth surface on which the carriages run, and the 

 judicious use and application of springs, the tremor or shaking of 

 the engines is very considerable, and is much increased with the 

 speed. When moving at the rate of twenty-five or thirty miles 

 per hour, the tremulous motion of the engine becomes quite 

 alarming to those unaccustomed to it. 



The luggage-engines perform a great deal of work, and gene- 

 rally bringjn twenty loaded waggons, averaging 2>\ tons each. 

 With this load they move easily at the rate of twenty miles per 

 hour on every part of the railway, excepting at Whiston and 

 Sutton inclined planes, where the effect of gravity reduces their 

 power two-thirds, and forces them to bring their load to the 

 summit at two, and sometimes three trips, although assisted by 

 the bank engines. They nevertheless make the journey between 

 Liverpool and Manchester in about two hours. Upon one oc- 

 casion I saw the " Furv" engine with twelve loaded waggons, 

 averaging 3^ tons each, ascend the Whiston inclined plane with- 

 out the aid of the bank engine ; its speed on the level was about 

 thirty miles per hour, and when it reached the top of the incline, 

 the velocity was diminished to about two or two and a half miles 



