Liverpool and Manchester Railway. 331 



wheeled carriage 15s. One horse is charged 10s., two horses 18s., 

 and three horses 22s. About 1020 passengers and 640 tons of 

 goods are daily transported along the railway. 



Each engine carries two men, an engineer and a fireman, who 

 have respectively 5s. and 2s. 6d. per day. As a check upon 

 their regularity, a fine of 2s. 6d. is imposed on the engineer 

 for every fifteen minutes he arrives before his time. There is a 

 breaksman with the luggage train, and the trains for passengers 

 carry two guards. 



The occurrence of accident is not so frequent as might be 

 imagined, as the great weight of the carriages prevents them from 

 easily starting off the rails ; and so great is the momentum ac- 

 quired by these heavy loads moving with such rapidity, that 

 they easily pass over considerable obstacles. Even in those 

 melancholy accidents where loss of life has been sustained, the 

 bodies of the unfortunate sufferers, though run over by the 

 wheels, have caused little irregularity in the motion, and the 

 passengers in the carriages have not been sensible that any im- 

 pediment has been encountered on the road. For the prevention 

 of accident, some arrangements have been adopted, by which the 

 north rails are exclusively allotted for engines going towards 

 Manchester, the south being for those going towards Liverpool. 



The railway business is conducted by twelve directors, who 

 give a half-yearly report on the income and expenditure ; and a 

 dividend of nine per cent, per annum has been declared for pay- 

 ment. At present, the railway is in use only during the day ; 

 but by conveying goods during the night, provision may be 

 made for a great increase of traffic, without incurring expense 

 in the execution of new works. 



Edinburgh, 2\st February 1835. 



On the Pitch-Lake of Trinidad. 



There is nothing more extraordinary in the structJire ol' 

 the whole island of Trinidad than the extensive pitch forma- 

 tions it contains. The part of the island in which the pitch- 

 grounds, as they are called, are found, is about twenty-four 

 miles from Port Spain, at a place called Point Breea. There 

 it is said that thev are fifteen hundred acres in extent. On 



