Deniocritus. '—Asclepiades. — Anaxagoras. 47 



a great number of species, and tried to deduce from them dif- 

 ferences also in their manner and habits. He was acquainted 

 with the hiliary process, and investigated the causes of madness,, 

 which he placed in an alteration of the viscera of the belly. 



The character of the atomistic sect is peculiar and decided, 

 whereas the other three being only derivations of the school of 

 Thales, bear in many points a resemblance to each other. 



Medical School, — Besides these four, there was the Medical 

 School, and it was the most ancient of all. It continued in one 

 angle family, that of Asclepiades, from time immemorial. The 

 two principal branches of it were those established at Cnidus 

 and Cos. Most of the temples of Esculapius were served with 

 priests out of this family. In these temples they received in- 

 valids, made them observe certain religious practices, adminis- 

 tered remedies to them, and carefully attended to the effects 

 they produced. Moreover, those who had been cured of any 

 disease, even at great distances from these places, often sent 

 thither, as if, ex voto, an account of their illness. One of these 

 collections, continued nearly for 800 years, was examined by 

 Hippocrates, and his works give as it were a summary of the 

 enquiries of the Asclepiades. But, all the works which bear 

 the name of this illustrious physician, do not belong to him. 

 This fact is discernible from the difference of style, and the con- 

 tradictions which occur, in the different treatises. It appears 

 that three men of the same name and family contributed to them. 

 The first lived about the time of Miltiades ; to him is attributed 

 the book of fractures, or of articulations. The second and most 

 celebrated was cotemporary with Socrates. 



Anaxagoras unites the school of Thales with that of So- 

 crates, of which he was made master. When the Persians 

 subdued Asia Minor, he came from Clazomenje, his native 

 place, and settled at Athens. He was the friend of Pericles, 

 and shared the hatred which was entertained against him. 

 Accused of atheism by the enemies of this great man, he was 

 obliged to retire to Lampsacus, where he died at the age of 

 72, 428 years before Christ. It was he who first made a 

 clear distinction between mind and matter. After his time phi- 

 losophers regarded motion as inherent in bodies, or rather vc- 



