70 Baron Cuvier's Lccturca on the Natural Sciences. 



ing of the camel, he designates the two species, the one peculiar 

 to Arabia, the other to Bactria. The latter could only be 

 known to the Greeks through the conquests of Alexander. 



After finishing what relates to the hair, he speaks of the 

 horns, and, on this occasion, exposes general rules, the accuracy 

 of which has been confirmed by all subsequent observations. 

 We shall mention some of them. 



No animal has horns unless it has the foot bisulcated, but the 

 reverse is not true, and thus the camel, which has the foot cleft, 

 does not bear horns. 



The animals with bisulcated feet, which have horns, and have 

 no teeth in the upper jaw, all ruminate; and, on the other hand, 

 there is not a single ruminating animal that does not present 

 all these characters. 



Horns are hollow or solid. The former are persistent, the 

 others are cast and renewed every year. 



After this, he speaks of the teeth, the manner in which they 

 are renewed in man and animals, the different forms which they 

 assume in the different species according to their kind of food, 

 being sharp and pointed in the carnivorous animals, flat and 

 grinding in the herbivorous. In some animals, certain teeth 

 protrude, and form weapons ; but no animal is armed with horns 

 and tusks at the same time. In the elephant, the tusks of the 

 female are small, and directed towards the ground. This, also, 

 is one of the propositions of Aristotle which has been attacked 

 as erroneous. The Indian elephants, in fact, present in this 

 respect no difference with respect to sex ; but the African ele- 

 phant, which was the species described by our philosopher, has 

 actually the disposition described. 



Then follows the description of the hippopotamus, which 

 agrees indifferently with the rest. It is probable enough that 

 it is only the description of Herodotus, which had first been 

 written in the margin by one of the possessors of the book, and 

 afterwards inserted in the text by an indiscriminating copyer. 

 We have many examples of similar interpolations. 



Before concluding what relates to tlie viviparous quadrupeds, 

 Aristotle speaks of monkeys, which he considers as intermediate 

 between these animals and man. He gives a very good account 

 of the principal features of their organization, the structure of 



