Scientific IntelUgence.^Statistics. 191 



millions. Synagogues have long existed in the cantons and ci- 

 ties inhabited by the Jews, the total of whom is about five hun- 

 dred thousand. With respect to Paganism, we must add to 

 the gross idolaters who wander in the deserts of Siberia, and 

 the steppes of Kirgius-Kaissaks, the worshippers of the Grand 

 Lama, and those of Fetishes and Schahmans. We should not 

 omit either the heretics and schismatics of the different sects, 

 whose rehgion seems limited to vain prej udices and superstitious 

 practices. In the midst of such a variety of zcorsJiip,^ religioiis 

 toleration has always been maintained in Russia. During the 

 ten centuries of the existence of the Empire, its history does not 

 produce a single instance of persecution hy the Russian govern- 

 ment against a foreign religion, and the bloody name of religi- 

 ous wars is not found in its annals. It would seem that, in 

 its ancient attachment to the spirit of the Eastern Church, it 

 has learned the moderation which characterized true Christians 

 in the origin of Christianity. 



20. Annual Quantity of Sugar consumed in Britain. — 

 The quantity of sugar at present consumed in Great Britain 

 may be estimated at 160,000 tons, or about 360,000,000 lb. ; 

 -which, taking the population at 16 millions;, gives, at an average, 

 22J lb. for each individual. In work-houses, the customary 

 allowance for each individual is about 34 lb. ; and in private 

 famihes the smallest separate allowance for domestics is 1 lb. a- 

 week, or 52 lb. a-year. 



21. Foundling Hospitals. — " In Catholic countries, nume- 

 rous asylums have been opened to all new-born children, le- 

 gitimate or illegitimate, which it may please the public to 

 abandon, or to place in them. Austria has many such insti- 

 tutions: Spain reckons 67; Tuscany 12; Belgium 18: but 

 France, in this respect, excels other countries ; she has no less 

 than 362. Protestant countries, on the contrary, have suppressed 

 the greater part of those which had been specially founded for 

 this purpose." — To form an idea of the advantage of the Pro- 

 testant system over that of Catholic countries, Mr Gouroff 

 states *, " That, in London, the population of which amounts to 

 1,250,000, there were, in the five years from J 819 to 1823, 



• From prospectus of a projected work on the History of Foundling Hos- 

 pitals, in 3 vols, by M. Gouroff, Rector of the University of St Petersburg. 



