Imperial Forest of' Bialoio'uza. 293 



nion species of Pyrola. The grasses are richly intermixed with 

 the Anthoxantlmm odoratum, known in autumn by the rich 

 fragrance which it diffuses. Several species of ferns, and simi- 

 lar plants, form large patches in the thickest recesses of the 

 forest, and in the open spaces. There are also many varieties 

 of mosses, Hepaticce, Alg-ce, and Fungi ; and in the districts 

 with abundance of vegetable soil, there are both kinds of truffle, 

 the Tziber clharium and album. 



As the soil is in general divided into two principal portions, 

 that in which sand, and that in which vegetable earth, predomi- 

 nates, so there is this distinction between the kinds of timber ; 

 the former being principally covered with trees with linear 

 leaves, as firs, the latter with broad-leaved trees. The space in 

 which the fir predominates may amount to 81.612, and that of 

 the broad-leaved trees to 20.373 squai'e English miles. 



In order to give an idea of the vegetation, and of the in- 

 crease of single trees in this forest, we may subjoin the mea- 

 surements of several trees, expressed in Prussian measure, which> 

 though not the rarest, are perhaps the most remarkable in this 

 forest. 



Scotch Pine, 190 years old. Height of the whole tree 130 

 feet ; of the trunk 5Q. Lower diameter SS'.S ; of the last SO 

 years 1".7. Present contents 453 cubic feet ; 30 years ago 375. 

 Annual increase 2.6 cubic feet. 



Silver-Jir, 190 years old. Height of whole tree 120 feet ; of 

 the trunk 62. Lower diameter 48" ; of last 30 years 2. Pre- 

 sent contents 781 cubic feet ; 30 years before 652. Annual 

 increase 4.3 cubic feet. 



Oak, 230 years old. Height of whole tree 80 feet ; of trunk 

 72 feet. Lower diameter 48"; of last 30 years 2".5. Present 

 contents 907 cubic feet ; 30 years before 725. Annual in- 

 crease 6.0 cubic feet. 



Beech, 120 years old. Height of whole tree 80 feet; of 

 trunk 45. Lower diameter 26".7 ; of last 30 years 1".7. Pre- 

 sent contents 16*7 cubic feet: 30 years ago 126. Annual in- 

 crease 1.4 cubic feet. 



Birch, 120 years old. Height of whole tree 100 feet ; of 

 trunk 44. Lower diameter 26".l ; of last 30 years 1".6. Pre- 

 sent contents 163 cubic feet; 30 years ago 126 cubic feet. 

 Annual increase 1.2 cubic feet. 



