Volcanoes of Central Asia. 239 



Cailas, in Chinese 0-new-ta, and in Tibetan Gang-dis-ri, From 

 tfeis nucleus springs the chain of Kara-korum-padisha, which 

 runs to the north-west, consequently to the north of Ladak, to- 

 wards the Tsung-ling ; and the snowy chains of Hor (Khor) 

 and Zzang, which runs to the east. That of Hor, at its north- 

 western extremity, connects itself with the Kwan-lun ; its course, 

 from the eastern side, is towards the Tangri-noor (" Lake of 

 Heaven"). The Zzang, farther to the south than the chain of 

 Hor, bounds the long valley of the Zzangbo, and runs from 

 west to east, towards the Neen-tsin-tangla-gangri, a very lofty 

 «ummit which, between H'lassa and lake Tangri-noor (impro- 

 perly called Terkiri), terminates at Mount Nom-shun-ubashi. 

 Between the meridians of Ghorka, Katmandu, and H'lassa, the 

 Himalaya sends out to the north, towards the right bank, or 

 the southern border dl the valley of the Zzang-bo, several 

 branches covered with perpetual snow. The highest is YariaA 

 shamboy-gangri, the name of which, in Tibetan, signifies " the 

 snowy mountains in the country of the self-existing deity." 

 This peak is to the westward of lake Yamruk-yumdzo, which 

 our maps call Palteh *, and which resembles a ring, being al- 

 most filled by an island. 



If, availing ourselves of the Chinese writings which M. 

 Klaproth has collected, we follow the system of the Himalaya 

 towards the east, beyond the English territories in Hindustan, 

 we perceive that it bounds Assam to the north, contains the 

 sources of the Brahmaputra, passes through the northern part 

 of Ava, and penetrates into the Chinese province of Yun-nan, 

 where, to the westward of Yung-chang, it exhibits sharp and 

 snowy peaks •: it turns abruptly to the north-east on the confines 

 of Ho-kwang, of Keang-si, and of Fuh-kien, and extends with 

 its snowy summits near to the ocean, where we find, as if it was 

 a prolongation of this cham, an island (Formosa), the moun- 

 tains of which are covered with snow during the greatest part of 

 the summer, which shows an elevation of at least 1900 toises 

 <12,469 feet). Thus we may follow the system of the Hima- 

 laya, as a continuous chain, from the Eastern Ocean, and track 



• There can be no doubt that Palteh is derived from Bhaldi, the Tibetan 

 name of a town a little to the north, which has been corrupted b^ the Chinese 

 into Peiti or Peti — KLAPnoTH. 



