Histori/ and Progress of Comparative Anatomy. 361 



Gabriel Fallopius of Modena, born in 1523, and cut off in his 

 fortieth year, in 1.563, appears to have been teaching in Fer- 

 rara in 1547. In 1548, he informs us himself, he was ap- 

 pointed to the office of Professor in Pisa; and, in 1551, he was 

 invited to Padua, where he continued till the period of his death, 

 which took place in J 563. He is chiefly known for his re- 

 searches in human anatomy, in which he studied with great suc- 

 cess, the organ of hearing, the carotid and vertebral arteries, 

 the venous sinuses, both of the brain and spinal chord, the vena 

 azygos and its relations, the umbilical vein, the ductus arterio- 

 sus, the renal papillce, the utero-peritoneal tubes, since named 

 from him, and the distribution of the nervous system. In the 

 organ of hearing, his discoveries are most important ; for, inde- 

 pendent of the tortuous canal, which has since been distinguished 

 by his name, he first recognised and described the cavity named 

 the vestibule, between the tympamim and labyrinth ; the three 

 semicircular canals ; the twojencstracy or apertures between the 

 tympanum and vestibule and cochlea; the nervous filament named 

 the chorda tyvipani ; and, finally, the coc/?7m itself. The dis- 

 covery of the stapes, a third tympanal bone, he assigns to In- 

 grassias, although he himself had recognised it without being 

 aware of the discovery. He, nevertheless, has the merit of de- 

 monstrating the mutual articulations of these bones with the 

 greatest ck^rness and precision. He describes more accurately 

 than any of his predecessors the process of dentition, and the re- 

 lation between the temporary and the permanent set. The ana- 

 tomy of the muscular system also he rendered more accurate 

 than before, and first shewed that the internal intercostals only 

 are found at the sternum, and that both orders have the same 

 action. He discovered the ileo-colic valve in the monkey. 



Julius Cassar Aranzi, born at Bologna in 1530, and professor 

 of anatomy in that university, and Constantio Varoli, of the same 

 city, born in 1543, though chiefly known for their researches in 

 human anatomy, did not neglect that of the animal world gene- 

 rally. Both these anatomists supplied, by their researches, 

 much anatomical information to Ulysses Aldrovandus. Aranzi 

 describes the structure of the bustard {Otis tai-da), (Ornitholo- 

 gia?, lib. xiii.) ; and Varoli, with Flaminius Rota, has given that 

 of the Bohemian chatterer ; (lib. xii.) In this bird Varoli re- 



JI;LY— SEPTEMBEU 1831. A a 



