retnell: on cassidabia Hugos a. 295 



or rectinn (Fig. 1, Ee.) there is an enlargement. The latter is 

 thick-walled, muscular, and corrugated, supported throughout its whole 

 length by folds of the inner membrane of the mantle, till the anus 

 (Fig. 1, An.), which is free, is reached. The rectum lies to the right 

 of the retracted penis, and the anus is some distance from the free edge 

 of the mantle. 



Salivary Glands (Figs. 1 and 5, R.S.G., L.S G., It.S.G'., and 

 L.S.G'.). There are four of these, two on each duct. The primary 

 glands {R.S.G, and L.S.G.) are much larger, semitransparent, 

 membranaceous, and loose in texture. They are divided into lobes, of 

 which I made out six in the right-hand gland and four in the left. 

 These glands are situated at the ends of the ducts. The secondarj^ 

 glands {R.S.G'. and L.S.G'.) are considerably smaller, of very close 

 texture, and irregular shape, and of an opaque, dead white appearance, 

 that on the right-hand side being more or less embedded in the primary 

 gland, while that on the left is situated some little distance along the 

 duct, and is traversed by a nerve, N'". The glands, as a whole, when 

 in situ, lie behind one another, covering the crop. The duct of the 

 posterior glands runs along tlie left-hand side, and that of the anterior 

 along the right. The salivary ducts {R.S.D. and L.S.D.) open into 

 the sacculate chamber of the hinder part of the buccal mass, just 

 passing through the nerve-collar. They enlarge somewhat before 

 entering, and apparently do not lead directly into the buccal chamber, 

 but into the saccular folds, which are hollow. 



Lang states, in his " Textbook of Comparative Anatomy," that the 

 secretion of the salivary glands of Cassidaria, amongst other genera, 

 contains an amount of free sulphuric acid from 2-18 to 4-25 per cent. ; 

 this can only be when the glands are fresh, for on testing I found the 

 secretions of both primary and secondary glands to have a distinct 

 alkaline action on red litmus. This fact, though of interest, is perhaps 

 not of much value, on account of the artificially preserved state of the 

 animal. A. H. Cooke mentions that the acidity of this secretion was 

 first noticed by Troschel in Dolium galea, the animal being alive at 

 the time. Fischer states that it is the posterior gland which secretes 

 sulphuric acid, and Coupin, mentioning this, refers the statement to 

 Fischer, who also remarks that Panceri found the acid in the salivary 

 glands of Murex, Cassis, Tritonium, Pleurohranchus, etc. 



The liver is a large granular -looking organ, occupying, with the 

 testes, the whole of the visceral sac behind the kidney, the latter 

 occupying the upper part. In colour it is brownish green, and the 

 cells are distinct ; it is divided into two lobes, each of which is 

 provided with a duct opening into the upper side of tha stomach 

 (Fig. 6, S.D'., E.D".). The lobes of the liver are bound together 

 with a very strong connective tissue, and in consequence is troublesome 

 to dissect without destroying its texture and breaking the cells. 



Pallial Complex. The free edge of the mantle is entire, simple, 

 and not reflected, with a thin, sharp edge. The branchial chamber is 

 extensive, and contains a highly developed bipectinate osphradium 

 (Fig. 1, Os.) situated on the roof of the pallial chamber, quite to the 

 left-hand side and running along the base of the ctenidium. The folia 



