309 



NOTES OX LAXD AXD FRESH - WATER SHELLS FROM THE 

 ALHAMBRA DITCH, GRAXADA, AXDALUCIA, SPAIX ; OX 

 RECEXT LAXD SHELLS FROM VARIOUS LOCALITIES XEAR 

 CARMOXA, PROYIXCE OF SEVILLA ; AXD OX LAXD, FRESH- 

 WATER, AXD MARIXE SHELLS FROM HOLOCEXE DEPOSITS, 

 CARMOXA. 



By the Eev. R. Ashington Bullen, F.L.S., F.G.S. 



Read \2th May, 1905. 



I. Land and Fkesh- water Shells from the Ditch of the Alhambra 



(North, of the Gate of Justice towards the Washington Irving 

 Hotel). 



The following shells were collected from an altitude of about 2,200 feet 

 O.D. : — Helicella maritima, Drap. ; ( C'andidula)eonspurcata,J)ra]^. ; Polita 

 lucida, Drap. ; Ena ohscura, Miill. ; Planorbis corneus, juv., Linn. ; 

 Pupa cylindracea, Da Costa; Limncea sp.; Pisidium fontinale, Drap. 



The ditch was nearly clry at the time of exploring it, and the 

 occuiTence of Planorhes, Limncece, and Pisidia at such a place is 

 rather worthy of remark. The locality is shaded by the only elm- 

 trees in Spain, planted by Arthur, Duke of Wellington, after the 

 Peninsular War. 



II. Recent Land Shells from the Necropolis Romana at Caemona. 



Carmona is 27 miles E.N.E. from Seville, situated at about 600 feet 

 O.D. The towns along the Alcores are built at the high levels where 

 springs are found, partly for security and partly for reasons of health, 

 there being always a plentiful supply of water at the higher level. 



The Alcores are like an island surrounded by a ' sea ' of land, the 

 famous Vega, or barley-growing plain, cultivated from Neolithic times. 

 Sickle-teeth, used by Neolithic men, and resembling those fi'om Egypt 

 (Kahun), are not uncommon at Acebuchal. 



The following species were collected : — Helix Pismia, Miill. ; 

 lactea, Miill. ; Helicella caperata, Mont. ; striata, Miill. ; maritima, 

 Drap. ; cofis^mrcata, Drap. ; hardara, Linn. ; Chondrula pupa, Beck 

 (?Fer.); Caracolina lenticula, Fer. ; Perusaccia folliculus, Gi'onov. ; 

 Rumina decollata, Linn. 



[At Puerto de Brenes, about two miles south of Carmona, large 

 specimens occurred of Helix aspersa^ Miill.] 



Many hundreds of small oblong Roman funeral urns of sandstone 

 are arranged in the low walls in the Almond Orchard at the Necropolis 

 Romana, and the smaller snails inhabit them in thousands (in con- 

 junction with gecko lizards, scorpions, green frogs, etc.), probably 

 using the burnt bone- lime which they contain. 



