66 THE HORSE. 
care, and taking aavantage of our climate and other natural advantages, 
the fine breed was produced which we now possess. The Duke of New- 
castle in his advice to breeders, after describing the sort of mare suitable 
to breed racehorses, says :—‘‘ Your stallion by any means must be a Barb, 
and somewhat of the shape that I have described the mare to be of. Fora 
Barb that is a jade will get a better running horse than the best running 
horse in England: as Sir John Fenwick told me, who had more experience 
in running horses than any man in England. For he had more rare 
running horses than any man in all England beside, and the most part of 
all the famous running horses in England that ran one against another 
were of his race and breed. Some commend the Turk very much for a 
stallion to breed running horses, but they are so scarce and rare that I can 
give no judgment of them, and therefore I advise you to the Barb, whick 
I believe is much the better horse to breed running horses.” 
IN THIS PASSAGE it,is clearly established that the mare used for breeding 
racehorses in the times I am alluding to was not necessarily of Eastern 
blood, for he says:your stallion must be a Barb; but though minutely 
describing the make and shape of the mare, and that as well as the most 
skilful breeder of the present day, he does not place any limitation on her 
breeding. Indeed, I believe that the use of the Spanish, mixed, perhaps, 
with native English blood in the mare, was the real cause of the success 
which attended the cross with the Barb; the mare being of greater size 
and stride than the horse, and giving those qualities to the produce, 
while the horse brought out the original strain of Eastern blood, which 
possessed the wind and endurance so peculiar to it. We may, therefore, 
conclude that the origin of the thoroughbred horse of the present day is 
to be laid in the following strains. 
ORIGIN OF THE THOROUGHBRED HORSE. 
a 
. MWative mares used for racing, and bred from Spanish and English strains, the 
former most probably descended from the Barbs of Morocco. 
2. Markham’s Arabian, imported in the time of James the First, but proved to be 
good for nothing, and most probably there is now not the slightest strain of his 
blood extant. 
3. Places White Turk, extensively used, and to him most of our best horses can be 
traced, through Matchem. 
4. The Three Turks brought over from the siege of Vienna in 1684. 
5. The Royal Mares, imported by Charles the Second, who sent his Master of the 
Horse to the Levant specially to procure them, ‘These also are mentioned in al! 
the best pedigrees. 
VARIOUS OTHER HORSES AND MARES are mentioned in the early pedigrees 
between the times of Charles II. and James II., when the Byerley Turk 
makes his appearance. Of these we have no exact record, either as to the 
date of their importation or the country from which they came, so that 
all that can be done is to enumerate them. They are Alcock’s Arak, the 
Morocco Barb, D’Arcy’s Yellow Turk, the White D’Arcy Turk, Leedes 
Arab, the Brownlow Arab, Harper’s Arab, Pullen’s Chestnut Arab, Honey- 
wood’s White Arab, the old Bald Peg Arab, and the Arab sire of Make- 
less. Most of these occur in our best pedigrees, but the two D’Arcy 
Turks, as we shall hereafter find, are particularly conspicuous there. 
THE NEXT ERA in breeding is the introduction of the Byzrley Turk 
and Lister’s, or the Stradling Turk. The former was used in the Irish 
wars between James IJ. and William and Mary, as Captain Byerley’s 
charger, about the year 1689 ; and being afterwards put to the stud, was 
