148 THE HORSE. 
the power of transmitting the likeness of the sire, when the blood is 
exactly the same as it is observed to extend over large numbers, can 
only depend upon a variation in individual power. Not only does this 
apply to the males, but the females also show the same difference. Some 
mares have gone on producing foals which afterwards turned out first-class 
whatever horse they were put to, as, for instance, Phryne (dam of winners 
by Pantaloon, Melbourne, and The Flying Dutchman), Barbelle, who 
produced Van Tromp by Lanercost, De Witt by The Provost, and The 
Flying Dutchman by Bay Middleton. Alice Hawthorne, successively as 
well as successfully put to Birdeatcher, Melbourne, Touchstone, Wind- 
hound, Melbourne or Windhound, and Sweetmeat ; and lastly, Ellerdale, 
dam of Ellington and Ellermere, and Gildermire by Flying Dutchrnan, 
Summerside by West Australian, and Wardersmarke by Birdeatcher. On 
appealing to the greyhound, also, we see some remarkable instances within 
the last few years, of which Mr. Jardine’s Ladylike and Mr. Randell’s Riot 
may be considered as very strong cases in point. The latter bitch also may 
be instanced as having been extremely successful in the stud, while her 
own brother, Ranter, in the same kennel, was a total failure. There must 
consequently be something more than mere breeding to produce a successful 
result, and this I am inclined to think resides in the strength of the 
constitution possessed by the individual. 
Bur nven supposine the horse or mare displays this constitutional 
power, there is a something which controls it, as we have seen in the two 
cases already instanced of Orlando and West Australian. In the former 
horse the influence of the sire, great as it usually has been shown to be, was 
compelled }o succumb to the combination of the three lines traceable to 
Selim and his brother Castrel, while in the other this same horse Touch- 
stone prevailed (still, however, on the side of the dam) apparently only 
because there was a combination of two very recently separated lines of 
Waxy blood through his sons Whalebone and Whisker. The second of 
these examples is the more worthy of note, because in tracing back the 
lines of the sire and dam, the name of Trumpator from whom Melbourne is 
lineally descended is met with three times in the pedigree of the former, 
and four times in that of the latter. Here then but for the nearness of 
the two lines of Waxy I should have expected the produce to follow the 
Trumpator strain through Melbourne, but as I have already observed, 
beyond the third remove this influence is very much weakened. We 
may therefore come to the conclusion that it is not always superior 
strength of constitution, nor the greater purity or antiquity of the blood 
which determines the influence to be expected by either parent, but that 
sometimes the one and sometimes the other is the cause. And as the 
former cannot well be determined, the latter is the foundation for the 
plans of the breeder, who will on the whole do well to follow the maxims 
first laid down by that celebrated breeder of horses and cattle, the second - 
Earl Spencer, whose opinions were in conformity with the 13th axiom 
for breeders which I have inserted at page 139. 
CHOICE OF SIRE AND DAM. 
THE NECESSITY FOR HEALTH in each parent has already been insisted on, 
but beyond this point, which is generally admitted, there are severa! 
others to be attended to. Thus, since the preponderance of either over 
the form and temper of the progeny will, in all probability, fall to that 
one which has the superior purity of blood, it follows that if the breeder 
