{58 TUE HORSZ. 
the urine of the horses, and partly of the water used in keeping them 
clean. Several plans are adopted for this purpose, some of which are 
founded upon true principles of economy, while others are wasteful in the 
extreme. In towns and cities provided with sewers and water pipes, 
liquid manure is seldom worth the cost of removing it, and hence in them 
there is no choice and the whole of the liquids flowing through the drains 
must pass off into the common sewers. J/ven here, however, a catch pit 
should be provided somewhere outside the stable, without which the traps 
will either become clogged if made gas-tight, or they will admit the foul 
emanations from the common sewer if they are so arranged as to allow of 
the free flow of drainage from the stable into them. Such a pit as that 
represented below will serve all the purposes required, and if it is regu- 
WV MM PIV PT 
SECTION OF CATCH Pit. 
larly cleaned out once a week by the groom there will never be an 
overflow, while in no case can any gas pass through it from the sewers. 
It is merely a square pit lined with brick or stone and cemented. ‘The 
size must depend on the number of horses, but if made on the calculation 
of one cubical foot per horse up to four horses, and half an additional foot 
for each horse beyond this number it will fulfil all the conditions required. 
The principle on which it acts is as follows:—The liquid drainage enters 
from the stable at (a), and falls into the inner half of the pit, marked (6), 
which is separated from the other half by an iron partition (c). This is 
fixed above in a stone or iron lid (d), which, being fitted in a frame at the 
top of the pit, effectually closes it except when taken up by the groom for 
the purpose of removing the solid contents at (>). The sides of the iron 
partition (c) should run in grooves cut in the cement lining the pit, which 
it should pretty accurately fit, but only so as to keep all solid matter from 
passing through. A space of from two to four inches according to the 
size of the pit is left beneath the iron partition and the bottom or floor, 
and through this the liquid passes, filling the outer half (e) and over- 
flowing through the pipe (/) as fast as it has run in at (a), the same level 
being always maintained in the two halves of the pit. With this simple 
apparatus properly constructed all internal stench traps may be done 
away with, and the iron surface-drains which I shall presently describe 
alone introduced. An examination of the engravings of ordinary stench 
traps which I here append will show how easily they are choked and how 
badly they fulfil their office. The larger one (a) represents that in com- 
mon use when surface drainage is rendered as good as possible by intro- 
