CLOTHING. 215 
inmates of the carriage are in constant danger. But unless the coachman 
knows how to dress and feed his horses, and also to manage their slight 
ailments, they will be constantly lame or sick; and hence a few additional 
pounds in wages are well bestowed upon a first-rate servant. The wages 
oo coachmen vary from 18s. to 25s. per weck out of doors, or from 182. to 
451. yearly indoors. 
UNDER THE WORD Groom are comprehended all servants having the 
entire charge of horses, with the exception of those who habitually ‘drive 
a carriage of full size. There are many grooms who occasionally drive 
their masters’ phaetons, and some who are regularly in charge of small 
carriages, but who, on that account, do not obtain the name of coachman. 
As a general rule, however, the office of the groom is to take charge of 
hunters, hacks, and phaeton horses, both indoors and out; and if the 
latter he should be able to drive well enough to handle the reins with 
safety in the absence of his master. The stud-groom has charge of more 
horses than he can manage without assistance, and has help in proportion 
to their numbers. , So, also, the hunting-groom may or may not require 
assistance ; but if he has more than three horses to look after, he cannot 
Jo them well himself. Two horses, and a gig or dog-cart, are quite 
sufficient for a groom, and they will give him eight or nine hours’ ard 
work daily in the stable-yard and harness-room, besides what he has to 
do out of doors, in attendance on his master. The wages of a good groom 
vary from 12s. to 20s. weekly out of doors, or from 15/, to 35/. yearly 
indoors. 
THE HELPER is merely a strapper, and is only required to use his hands, 
and not his head. -His wages vary from 10s. to 14s. per week, according 
to the locality. 
CLOTHING, STABLE IMPLEMENTS, &c. 
THE VARIOUS ACCESSORIES required in the stable are of two kinds ; 
first, those intended to confine and clothe the horse ; and secondly, the 
implements with which he is dressed, and otherwise attended to. 
WHETHER IN A STALL OR LOOSE-BOX, every horse must have a head- 
collar, which should always be made with a front- -piece, as without this 
ihe mane is soon worn away for four or five inches behind the ears, instead 
of two. Nothing so effectually spoils the appearance of the horse as a 
shabby mane ; and the trifling outlay necessary to procure a front-piece is 
never regretted by those who care about looks. One or two rope halters 
are also required, by which the horse is tied up, or led out of doors when he 
is being dressed after his work, or while he is being cooled when he comes 
home in a sweat. The price of the leather head-collar is from 5s. to 
8s. 6d.; that of a rope halter varying from 6d. to 1s., according to quality. 
In addition to this, two head-collar reins must be provided for each horse, 
costing 7s. 6d. per pair, and a sinker, or weight, for each, to keep them 
always out of reach of the horse’s legs, costing 1s. In all private stables, 
the former are made of leather, with a billet and buckle, by which the 
head-collar is attached on each side. The sinker must be heavy enough for 
the work which it has to do; and if not of iron, it should be made of 
some hard wood. If these reins and sinkers are so arranged that when 
the horse is standing comfortably near the manger, the weight is just 
taken by the floor, they will be no annoyance to the animal, and will 
prevent the serious accidents which follow upon getting the leg over 
the rein. 
