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THE HORSE. 
CHAPTER XVIII. 
DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY OF THE SEVERAL BONES. 
THE HEAD—BONES OF THE CRANIUM—OF THE FACE—THE LOWER JAW—THE TEETH— 
OS HYOIDES—CHARACTER OF VERTEBR& IN GENERAL—GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE 
CERVICAL VERTEBRZ—PECULIARITIES OF CERTAIN CERVICAL VERTEBRH—GENERAL 
CHARACTER OF THE DORSAL VERTEBRA—PECULIARITIES OF CERTAIN DORSAL VER- 
TEBRA—GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE LUMBAR VERTEBRE—PECULIARITIES OF CER- 
TAIN LUMBAR VERTEBRZ%—OS SACRUM—THE COCCYGEAL VERTEBRHZ—THE RIBS AND 
THEIR CARTILAGES—THE STERNUM—THE SCAPULA—HUMERUS—FORE-ARM—CARPUS 
AND METACARPUS—THE PHALANGEAL BONES—THE PELVIS—FEMUR AND PATELLA— 
BONES OF THE LEG—METATARSAL AND POSTERIOR PHALANGEAL BONES. 
THE HEAD 
Is composep of the bones of the cranium, face and jaw. 
Fig. 1.—PRoOFILE Vibw or THis Heap anp Fach 
1. Occiput. 7. Malar bone. 
2. Parietal bone. 8. Posterior maxillary bone. 
3. Frontal bone. 9—11. Nasal bone. 
4. Petrous portion of temporal bone. 10. Anterior maxillary bone. 
5. Zygomatic arch. 11. Temporal fossa. 
6. Lachrymal bone. 12, 13. Lower jaw. 
BONES OF THE CRANIUM. 
THE CRANIUM, or brain ease, is small as compared with that of man, and 
occupies less than one-fourth of the whole head. It is made up of nine 
bones, three of which are pairs and three single ones. These bones 
are in most parts made up of two tables, with a cellular structure inter- 
posed, called the diplée, which is in certain situations expanded into large 
cells, as in the frontal sinuses. They are connected together by serrated 
sutures, except where the temporal bone overlaps the parietal, and in that 
situation, on each side the skull, one thin scale (squama) overlaps the other. 
The two frontal bones unite to form the anterior part of the cranial cavity 
and the upper walls of the orbits, leaving a space between them for the 
reception of the ethmoid bone. The two parietals are situated at the 
upper and lateral parts of the brain case, and are of an irregularly quadri- 
lateral figure—each meeting its fellow in the median line on the top of 
the head. The temporal bone overlaps the parietal on each side, with its 
