320 THE HORSE. 
in fig. 6 in the following particulars :—The central nippers begin to lose 
their sharp edges, and have grown considerably in substance. The next 
nipper all round has grown nearly to its full size, but not quite, and its 
edges are still sharp, with the mark deep and very plain. The corner 
milk nippers still remain, unless they have been knocked out for purposes 
of fraud, which is sometimes done to hasten the growth of the permanent 
teeth, and give the horse the appearance of being four or five months older 
than he is. 
BrTWEEN FOUR AND A HALF AND FIVE YEARS, the corner nippers are 
shed, and the tush protrudes through the gum. These changes are shown 
at fig. 7. 
AT FIVE YEARS, the mouth is complete in the number of its teeth ; and 
from this date it becomes necessary to study their aspcet in both jaws. 
Hig. 8 shows the upper teeth at this age, by comparing which with fig. 7 
Fic. 8.—Uprer Nippers anp ‘USHES aT FIVE YEARS OLD. 
1. 1. Central nippers, with the mark still un- 3. 3. Corner nippers, with the edges very 
obliterated. ; slightly worn. 
2. 2. Next nippers, with the mark still 4. 4. Tushes, well developed, and still showing 
plainer. the groove on the outside plainly. 
the slight growth in the half-year may be traced. In the lower teeth of 
the same mouth, the edges of the central cavities are much more worn 
away, the central nipper having only a small black speck in the middle of 
‘ smooth surface, while the next is much worn, ard the corner teeth, 
