360 \ THE HORSE. 
THE CHONDRO-COSTAL ARTICULATION may be referred to the subdivision 
gomphosis of the synarthrodial joints. It is formed by the implantation 
of the inferior extremity of the rib into the superior extremity of the 
Kil 
Fic. 5.—InNreriork VIEW or THE Costo-VERTEBRAL ARTICULATIONS. 
. 1. &e. Inferior common vertebral ligament. 3. 3. &e. Inferior costo-transverse ligament. 
2. 2, &e. Inter-fibro-cartilaginous dise. 4. 4. &c. Inferior costo-vertebral ligament. 
cartilage, which presents a surface corresponding with the rough 
depression in the end of the rib. Further strength is given to this arti- 
culation by the periosteum, which, in passing from the bone to the 
cartilage, forms a strong uniting band. 
THE CHONDRO-STERNAL ARTICULATIONS occur between the inferior 
extremity of the cartilage of each rib, and the oblong cavities existing 
along each side of the sternum. ‘The eight anterior cartilages, form, with 
the fosse in the sternum, eight corresponding articulations. 
Fic. 6.—PRoriILE View oF SrerNo-CostaL AND CEONDRO-COSTAL ARTICULATIONS. 
1. Anterior end of sternum and cariniform car- 4, 4. &e. Chondro-sternal articulations. _ 
tilage. 5. 5. &. Ends of the true ribs with the articula- _ 
2. 2. Ensiform cartilage. tions between them, and the cartilages 
3, 3. &c. Sternal cartilages. seen between 3 and 5. 
The joints which result from the union of these two surfaces, aro 
enveloped on all sides by fasciculi of white and extended fibres, the whole 
of which constitute a ligamentous capsule. The superior fibres are some- 
times described as the superior chondro-sternal ligament. The inferior 
are continuous with the origin of the pectoral muscles. 
