LUMBAR ARTICULATIONS. 361 
The foremost chondro-sternal articulation is not separated from the 
corresponding one on the opposite side. The two cartilages being close 
together, their synovial capsule is continuous, and the two oblong fosse 
on the sternum unite one with the other. It must be further noticed 
that this articulation frequently occurs ou the cariniform cartilage, which 
is anterior to the first bone of the sternum. 
As regards the two posterior sternal cartilages, they are in close appo- 
sition one with the other, and fit into one common fossa situated on the 
posterior bone of the sternum, and with it form one synovial joint. 
A thin fasciculus of fibres connects the cartilages of the 8th and 9th 
ribs to the ensiform or xiphoid cartilage, called the chondro-xiphoid 
ligament. 
A similar fasciculus to the foregoing connects the cariniform and 
xiphoid cartilages together—the carino-xiphoid ligament. 
The asternal or false cartilages are united one to the other by a yellow 
elastic ligament, which extends from the fore extremity of each to the 
posterior border of the preceding cartilage. 
ON THE SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR SURFACES of the sternum, ligamentous 
fibres may be observed running longitudinally, called the superior and 
inferior sternal ligaments. The longitudinal fibres are mixed with those 
radiating from the costal cartilages, especially inferiorly, where they blend 
with aponeuroses of the pectoral muscles. 
PECULIARITIES IN THE ARTICULATIONS OF THE 
LUMBAR VERTEBRA. 
THE FOUR ANTERIOR lumbar vertebre have nothing remarkable about 
them, but the fifth differs in having on the posterior part of each trans. 
Fic. 7.—ARTICULATIONS OF THE LUMBAR VERTEBRA WITH THE SAcCkuUM 
A. Last three lumbar vertebra, 
&c. Inferior common vertebral ligament. 
B. Sacrum. 
on 
Or oe 
o 
Ligamentous fibres covering the capsules 
Cc. C. Tliac bones. between the transverse processes of the 
1. 1. Transverse process of fourth lumbar fourth and fifth lumbar vertebre. 
vertebra. 6. 6. Capsular ligaments uniting togeth:r the 
2, 2. Transverse process of fifth lumbar vertehra. fifth and sixth lumbar vertebree. 
3. 3. Transverse process of sixth lumbar ver- 7. 7. Lumbo-sacral ligaments. 
tebra, 8. 8. Sacro-iliap ligaments. 
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