PHYSIOLOGY OF MUSCLE. 383 
THE PROPER SYNOVIAL CAPSULE of this joint mounts between the 
cubvido-scaphoid arthrodial surfaces and those which unite the ossa cunei- 
forme magnum and parvum; it descends between the inter-metatarsal 
articulations. 
Movements.—Similar to the preceding. 
INTER-METATARSAL ARTICULATIONS. 
These are precisely similar to the inter-metacarpal articulations described 
at page 371. 
REMAINING ARTICULATIONS or tas POSTERIOR MEMBERS. 
The descriptions of the several joints of the fore limbs at pages 
372, 373, 374. will suffice for those of the hind legs, 
CHAPTER XX. 
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM. 
PHYSIOLOGY OF MUSCLE—CUTANEOUS MUSCLES—MUSCLES OF THE HEAD—ANTERIOR 
MAXILLARY REGION—MUSCLES WHOSE OFFICE IT IS TO MOVE THE LOWER JAW— 
MUSCLES OF THE EXTERNAL EAR—-OF THE EYELIDS—OCULAR REGION—MUSCLES OF 
THE TONGUE—OF THE PHARYNX—LARYNGEAL REGION—SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF 
THE NECK AND TRUNK—LATERAL CERVICAL REGION-—INFERIOR CERVICAL REGION 
—INFERIOR CERVICO-OCCIPITAL REGION—SUPERIOR CERVICO-OCCIPITAL REGION— 
MUSCLES CONNECTING THE SCAPULA WITH THE HEAD, NECK, AND TRUNK—OF THE 
THORAX—DORSAL REGION—MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN—SUPERFICIAL ABDOMINAL 
REGION—DEEP ABDOMINAL REGION—PELVIC REGION-—MUSCLES OF THE FORE 
EXTREMITY—EXTERNAL SCAPULAR REGION —ANTERO-INFERIOR SCAPULAR REGION— 
INTERNAL SCAPULAR REGION — POSTERO-INTERNAL SCAPULAR REGION — POSTERO- 
EXTERNAL SCAPULAR REGION — ANTERO-EXTERNAL HUMERAL REGION — POSTERO- 
INTERNAL HUMERAL REGION—MUSCLES OF THE ARM AND FORE-LEG—MUSCLES OF 
THE HAUNCH—GLUTEAL REGION—EXTERNAL ILIO-FEMORAL REGION—ANTERIOR ILIO- 
FEMORAL REGION—INTERNAL ILIO-FEMORAL REGION—-DEEP MUSCLES OF THE ILIO- 
FEMORAL REGION—ANTERIOR FEMORO-CRURAL REGION— POSTERIOR FEMORO-CRURAT 
REGION. 
PHYSIOLOGY OF MUSCLE 
Wir trifling exceptions the whole of the movements of the body 
and limbs are performed by the agency of that peculiar substance, known 
in our butchers’ shops as “ flesh,” and recoynised by anatomists as mus- 
cular tissue. This constitutes the chief bulk of the soft parts external 
to the three great cavities (the cranial, thoracic, and abdominal), and in 
the halfstarved subject of the knacker or highly-trained racehorse, in 
which the fat has almost entirely disappeared, the ordinary observer will 
detect nothing but muscles (with their tendons) and bones beneath the 
skin covering the limbs. On the trunk they are spread out into layers 
varying in thickness, sometimes interrupted by flat tendons, so as to 
form, at the same time, a protection to the organs within, easily capable 
of extension or contraction, and a means of moving the several parts upon 
each other. 
TEnDons resemble ligaments in being composed of white fibrous tissue, 
described at page 351, They serve to connect muscle with bone, and are 
