MUSCLES OF THE SCAPULA. sol 
Scatenvs connects the first rib with the two posterior cervieal vertebrae. 
A ction—to depress the neck, and, when that is fixed, to raise the first rib 
in forcible inspiration. 
Loneus cout is deeply seated on the under side of the vertebre. 
It arises by fleshy digitations from the bodies of the six anterior dorsal 
vertebree, and is inserted into the bodies, transverse processes, and lower 
spines of all the cervical vertebree, except the atlas, which has a tendinous 
insertion only into its body. Actton—to flex the neck. 
INFERIOR CERVICO-OCCIPITAL REGION. 
THIS Is occUPIED by three muscles, antagonists to those of the poll. 
They are rectus capitis anticus major and minor and obliquus capitis 
anticus, and connect the bodies and transverse processes of the cervical 
vertebrae with the cuneiform process of the occipital bone. Their action 
is to bend the head on the neck. 
MUSCLES ‘CONNECTING THE SCAPULA WITH THE HEAD, 
NECK, AND CHEST. 
BrsIDES THE SUBSCAPULO HYOIDEUS, Which has been described in con- 
nexion with the inferior cervical region, the following nine muscles con- 
nect the shoulder with the head, neck, and chest. When these are 
dissected, the anterior extremity may be removed and separately examined. 
‘The two first may be considered as occupying the humero-cervical region, 
the three next the dorso-scapular region, and the four last the scapulo- 
thoracic region. 
LrvaToR HUMERI is situated on the antero-inferior and lateral parts of 
the neck. Origin—from the mastoid process of the petrous portion of 
the temporal bone, crest of the occipital bone, wing of the atlas, and 
transverse processes of the second, third, fourth, and sometimes fifth 
cervical vertebrae. Jnsertion—slightly to the spine of the scapula and 
shoulder joint ; to the inferior part of the ridge of the humerus, that 
extends from the outer part of the outer tubercle ; and to a depression, 
“‘scaber canalis,” on the antero-inferior part, with the pectoralis trans- 
versus. Action—to raise and draw the shoulder forwards ; to turn the 
neck on one side ; or, should both muscles act at one and the same time, 
to depress the head. 
tHOMBOIDEUS LONGUS is situated on the supero-lateral part of the 
neck. Ovigin—from the lateral part of the ligamentum colli as far 
anteriorly as the third cervical vertebra, and posteriorly as the anterior 
part of the second dorsal spine. nsertion—to the inner surface of’ the 
superior angle, border, and cartilage of the scapula. dction—to draw the 
scapula upwards and forwards. 
TRAPEZIUS is situated upon the side of the withers and neck. It pre- 
sents the figure of a right-angled triangle. Origien—from the ligamentum 
colli and spines of the dorsal vertebrae as far back as the eleventh. 
Jnsertion—to a tubercle on the spine of the scapula. Action—to elevate 
the scapula, and to draw it forwards and backwards. 
LAtTIssIMUS DoRSI is situated on the lateral part of the chest and back. 
Origin—from the ligamentum colli as far anteriorly as the second dorsal 
spine, and posteriorly as far as the fascia lumborum at the eleventh 
dorsal spine. Jnsertion—to the rough tubercle on the inner side of the 
body of the humerus. Action—to draw the humerus upwards and 
backwards, 
