482 THE HORSE. 
blood, and as a consequence the diameter of the tubes is diminished, 
attended by some difficulty and increased rapidity cf breathing. After a 
time a frothy mucus is poured out from it, and this still further interferes 
with respiration, and necessitates a constant cough to get rid of it. These 
symptoms are always present, but they will vary greatly in intensity, and 
in the rapidity with which they progress, from which circumstances 
bronchitis is usually said to be acute or chronic, as the case may be. Jn 
the acute form there are also several variations, and veterinary writers are 
in the habit of again subdividing it into acute and sub-acute, but the two 
leading divisions are sufficient for all practical purposes. It begins with 
the usual premonitory appearances of a severe cold, accompanied by a 
staring coat, and entire loss of appetite. The breathing is somewhat 
quicker-than natural, and the pulse is raised to sixty or seventy. The 
legs remain of the usual temperature, and there is a hard dry cough, the 
lining membrane of the nostrils being intensely red, and in severe cases 
dry and swollen. On auscultation there is a dry rattling sound, very 
different from the crepitation of pneumonia, and as soon as mucus is 
secreted, succeeded by gurgling, and soap bubble sounds easily dis- 
tinguished when once heard. If the attack goes on favourably, the cough 
becomes loose, and there is a free discharge of mucus, both from the 
lungs, as evidenced from the nature of the cough, and from the nostrils, as 
shown by the running from them. On the other hand the prognosis is 
unfavourable when the breathing is very laborious, with the legs extended, 
and the cough constant and ineffectual in affording relief. Should no 
relief be afforded, death takes place a week or ten days after the onset of 
the disease, from suffocation. Zhe treatment should depend greatly upon 
the urgency of the inflammation, which only an experienced eye can judge 
of. If slight, nitre and tartar emetic internally, and a blister (to one or 
both sides, according to the extent of bronchi involved), will suffice, but 
in very severe cases blood must be taken at the onset, or it will be impos- 
sible to control the inflammation. Bleeding should be avoided if it is 
judged prudent to do so, for of late years the type of diseases has changed 
so much in the horse, that he is found to bear loss of blood badly. Never- 
theless, it is not wise to lay down the rule that it is never desirable. 
The bowels must be acted on by the ordinary physic ball, resorting to 
raking and clysters, if the time cannot be afforded for the usual laxative 
preparation. For the special control of the morbid state of the membrane 
the following ball will be found advantageous :— 
Makejor Digitalis’) 0) cies esis el ee aEOTAChna: 
CalomeliS = 5 3.%s0= i) ot on soe eeearachm: 
MartariEiMeblcme ss): echei)tiet nck -)if- eee OD LOsOU eratags 
INBUHRSY 1G Go . . . . 2drachms. 
Mix with treacle, and give twice a day. 
Should the disease continue after the blister is healed, a large seton may 
be put in one or both sides with advantage. 
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS seldom exists except as a sequel to the acute 
form, and after adopting the balls recommended for that state, if may be 
treated by attention to the general health, a seton in the side, and the 
exhibition of an expectorant ba!l twice a day, composed of the following 
materials :— 
Take of Gum Ammoniacum. . . . ... « ~ 4% ounce. 
Powdered Squill; 2 us spe, ss ep ndraceen, 
Castile Soapy seutuc) ue) (ome enienene . 2drachms. 
Mix and make into a ball 
