488 THE HORSE. 
diately over the false nostril on each side, was fixed a body resembling in 
shape the half of a hen’s egg, cut longitudinally. When applied, these 
bodies pressed upon the triangular spaces formed by the apex of the nasal 
bones and upper jaw, thus closing the false nostrils, and partly diminish- 
ing the channel of the true ones. The result was highly gratifying ; for 
the patient, which previously could not travel without stopping every 
minute to take breath, now travelled, to all appearance, without incon- 
venience or noise. At first, the strap seemed slightly to annoy the horse; 
and, whenever it became displaced, the roaring would again commence. 
A slight modification, however, overcame every difficulty: the strap, 
instead of being buckled around and under the jaw, was fastened on each 
side of the bit ; and, to prevent its descent, another was carried from its 
centre, and fastened to the front of the harness-bridle.” Mr. Reeve 
asserts that the effect was all he could have wished, and that the horse on 
which he tried the plan, “which previously had been entirely useless, 
now performs his work in a heavy brougham, and gives great satisfaction. 
The roaring is stopped, and, with the usual speed, there appears no 
impediment to respiration.” He concludes: “I have paid particular 
attention to this case, and am inclined to think, that when by the com- 
pression we have neutralized the action of the false nostrils, the object is 
effected without the necessity of further narrowing the nasal passage.” 
Few people would care to drive a roarer, if they could help it, even 
with the aid of the nasal compress ; but if necessity compels such a pro- 
ceeding, it is well to know how the poor animal may be used with least 
annoyance to himself and his master. 
HIGHBLOWING is a perfectly healthy and natural habit, and cannot be 
confounded with roaring by any experienced horseman. It is solely con- 
fined to the nostrils; and the noise is not produced in the slightest 
degree during inspiration, but solely during the expulsion of the «air, 
which is more forcible and rapid than usual, and accompanied hy a 
vibratory movement of the nostrils, which is the seat of the noise. Roar- 
ing, on the contrary, continues during inspiration as well as expiration ; 
and by this simple test the two may readily be distinguished. Most high- 
blowers have particularly good wind, of which the celebrated Eclipse is an 
example ; for there is no doubt that he was addicted to the habit. 
WHISTLING (AND PIPING, which is very similar to it) are produced by 
the same causes as roaring, in an exaggerated condition. Thus, a roarer 
often becomes a whistler as the rima glottidis is more and more closed by 
disease ; on the other hand, the whistler is never converted into a roarer. 
The noise made is seldom a decidedly shrill whistle, but it has more 
resemblance to that sound than to roaring, and thfe name may well be 
retained as descriptive of it. Whistlers are always in such a state of con- 
firmed disease, that treatment is out of the question—indeed, they can 
only be put to the very slowest kind of work. 
WHEEZING is indicative of a contracted condition of the bronchial 
tubes, which is sometimes of a spasmodic nature, and at others is only 
brought on during occasional attacks after exposure to cold. The treatment 
should be that recommended for chronic bronchitis, which is the nature of 
the disease producing these symptoms. 
TRUMPETING is not very well defined by veterinary writers, and I 
confess that I have never heard any horse make a noise which could be 
compared to the trumpet, or to the note of the elephant so called. 
THE QUESTION RELATING TO THE HEREDITARY NATURE of roaring is cne 
which demands the most careful examination before a reliable answer can 
