498 THE HORSE. 
or paps, gigs, bladders, and flaps,—all which are names given to the 
enlargements of the salivary ducts,—and carious teeth, or inflammation 
of their fangs. Besides these, the horse is also subject to sore throat, and 
strangles, which are accompanied by constitutional disturbance, and not 
only occasion “ quidding,” if there is any slight appetite, but they are 
also generally accompanied by a loss of that function. 
Sore THROAT.—When the throat inflames, as is evidenced by fulness 
and hardness of this part, and there is difficulty of swallowing, 
the skin covering it should immediately be severely sweated, or the 
larynx will be involved and irreparable injury done. The tincture of 
cantharides diluted with an equal part of spirit of turpentine and a little 
oil, may be rubbed in with a piece of sponge, until it produces irritation 
of the skin, which in a few hours will be followed by a discharge from 
the part. Six or eight drachms of nitre may also be dissolved in the 
water which the horse drinks, with some difficulty, but still, as he is 
thirsty, he will take it. Sometimes eating gives less pain than drinking, 
and then the nitre may be given with a bran mash instead of the water. 
StRANGLES.— Between the third and fifth year of the colt’s life he is 
generally seized with an acute swelling of the soft parts between the 
branches of the lower jaw, accompanied by more or less sore throat, 
cough and feverishness. These go on increasing for some days, and then 
an abscess shows itself, and finally bursts. ‘The salivary glands are often 
involved, but the matter forms in the cellular membrane external to them. 
The treatment should be addressed to the control of constitutional symp- 
toms by the mildest measures, such as bran mashes with nitre in them, 
abstraction of corn, hay tea, &c. At the same time the swelling should 
be poulticed for one night, or thoroughly fomented two or three times, 
and then blistered with the tincture of cantharides. As soon as the 
matter can plainly be felt, it may be let out with the lancet; but it is 
very doubtful whether it is not the best plan to permit the abscess to 
break. ‘The bowels should be gently moved, by giving a pint, or some- 
what less, according to age, of castor oil; and afterwards, two or three 
drachms of nitre, with half a drachm of tartar emetic, may be mixed 
with the mash twice a day, on which food alone the colt should be fed, 
in addition to gruel, and a little grass or clover if these are to be had, or 
if not, a few steamed carrots. The disease has a tendency to get well 
naturally, but if it is not kept within moderate bounds it is very apt to 
lay the foundation of roaring or whistling. Any chronic swelling which 
is left behind, may be removed by rubbing in a weak ointment of binio- 
dide of mercury (one scruple or half drachm to the ounce ; see page 456). 
Lampas is an active inflammation of the ridges, or “bars,” in the roof 
of the mouth, generally occurring in the young horse while he is shedding 
his teeth, or putting up the tushes. Sometimes, however, it comes on, 
independently of this cause, from over-feeding with corn after a run at grass. 
The mucous membrane of the roof of the mouth swells so much that it 
projects below the level of the nippers, and is so tender that all hard and 
dry food is refused. The treatment is extremely simple, consisting in the 
scarification of the part with a sharp knife or lancet, after which the 
swelling generally subsides, and is gone in a day or two; but should it 
obstinately continue, as will sometimes happen, a stick of lunar caustic 
must be gently rubbed over the part every day until a cure is completed. 
This is far better than the red hot iron, which was formerly so constantly 
used, with good effect it is true, and not accompanied by any cruelty, 
as the mucous membrane is nearly insensible, but the caustic is more 
