WORMS. 511 
found in goats, &c., called ‘ bezoar’ stones; they were formerly supposed 
to have medicinal virtues: of this at another time. 
“EF. T. Buckanp.” 
WORMS. 
INTESTINAL WORMS in the horse are chiefly of two species, both belonging 
to the genus ascaris. Bots, as inhabiting the stomach, have already been 
described with that organ; and, moreover, they should never be con- 
founded with what are called properly and scientifically, “worms.” Of 
these, the larger species resembles the common earthworm in all respects 
but colour, which is a pinkish white. It inhabits the small intestines, 
though it is sometimes, but very rarely, found in the stomach. The 
symptoms are a rough, staring, hollow coat—a craving appetite—more or 
less emaciation—the passage of mucus with the feces, and very often a 
small portion of this remains outside the anus, and dries there. That 
part generally itches, and in the attempt to rub it the tail is denuded 
of hair; but this may arise from vermin in it, or from mere irritation 
of the anus from other causes. When these several symptoms are com- 
bined, it may with some degree of certainty be supposed that there are 
worms in the intestines, but before proceeding to dislodge them, it is 
always the wisest plan to obtain proof positive of their existence, by 
giving an ordinary dose of physic, when, on watching the evacuations, 
one or more worms may generally be discovered if they are present. 
When the case is clearly made out the plan of treatment is as follows :— 
Make ot Martar) Himebics 4 5) 3 2s) va es) 2 drachm. 
Powdered’Ginger’ 32 5 5.0. 3 = . . « ¥ drachm: 
Linseed Meal sufficient to make into a ball with boiling water. 
One should be given every morning for a week, then a dose of physic ; 
linseed oil being the most proper. Let the stomach rest a week; give 
another course of balls and dose of physic, after which let the horse have 
a drachm of sulphate of iron (powdered) twice a day with his feed of 
corn. 
There is no medicine which is so effectual for removing worms in the 
horse as tartar emetic, and none which is so entirely innocuous to the 
stomach. Calomel and spirit of turpentine were formerly in use as 
vermifuges, but they are both dangerous drugs: the former, if given for 
any length of time, causing great derangement of the stomach and liver ; 
and the latter often producing considerable inflammation after a single 
dose, if sufficiently large to cause the expulsion of the worms. Linseed 
oil given in half-pint doses every morning is also an excellent vermifuge, 
but not equal to the tartar emetic. If this quantity does not relax the 
bowels, it may be increased until they are rendered slightly more loose 
than usual, but avoiding anything like purgation. 
The smaller svecies of intestinal worm chiefly inhabits the rectum, but is 
occasionally found in the colon and cecum. It produces great irritation 
and uneasiness, but has not the same prejudicial effect on the health as 
the larger parasite. It is about one to two inches in length, and some- 
what smaller in diameter than a crow-quill. These worms are commonly 
distinguished as ascarides; but both this species and the round worm 
belong to the genus ascaris. The term thread worm is more correctly 
applied, as they are not unlike sections of stout thread or cotton. The 
only symptom by which their presence can be made out is the rubbing 
of the tail, when, if on examination no vermin or eruption be found in 
