&12 THE HORSE. 
the dock, it may be presumed that worms exist in the rectum. The 
remedy for these worms is by the injection every morning for a week of a 
pint of linseed oil, containing two drachms of spirit of turpentine. This 
will either kill or bring away the worms, with the exception of a few 
which are driven by it higher up into the colon, but by waiting a week 
or ten days (during which time they will have re-entered the rectum) and 
then repeating the process, they may generally be entirely expelled. 
The sulphate of iron must be given here, as before described. 
DISEASES OF THE LIVER. 
THE LIVER OF THE HORSE is less liable to disease than that of any other 
domestic animal, and the symptoms of its occurrence are so obscure that 
it is seldom until a post mortem examination that a discovery is made of 
its existence. This unerring guide, however, informs us that the liver 
is sometimes unnaturally enlarged and hard, at others softened, and in 
others again the subject of cancerous deposits. It is also attacked by 
inflammation, of which the symptoms are feverishness ; rapid pulse, not 
hard and generally fuller than usual; appetite bad; restlessness, and the 
patient often looking round to his right side with an anxious expression, 
not indicative of severe pain. Slight tenderness of the right side; but 
this not easily made out satisfactorily. Bowels generally confined, but 
there is sometimes diarrhoea. Very frequently the whites of the eyes 
show 2 tinge of yellow, but anything like jaundice is unknown. The 
treatment must consist in the use of calomel and opium, with mild purging, 
thus :— 
Take of Calomel, 
Powdered Opium, of each one drachm. 
Linseed Meal and boiling water enough to make into a ball, which should be 
given night and morning. Every other day a pint of linseed oil should 
be administered. 
The diet should if possible be confined to green food, which will do more 
good than medicine; indeed, in fine weather, a run at grass during the 
day should be preferred to all other remedies, taking care to shelter the 
horse at night in an airy loose-box. 
DISEASES OF THE KIDNEYS. 
THESE ORGANS are particularly prone to disease, and are subject ts 
inflammation ; to diabetes, or profuse staling; to hematuria, or a dis- 
charge of blood, and to torpidity, or inaction. 
INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS (nephritis) is generally produced by an 
exposure of the loins to wet and cold, as in carriage-horses standing 
about in the rain during the winter season. Sometimes it follows violent 
muscular exertion, and is then said to be caused by a strain in the back, 
but in these cases there is probably an exposure to cold ina state of 
exhaustion, or by the rupture of a branch of the renal artery or 
vein, as the inflammation of one organ can scarcely be produced by 
the strain of another. The symptoms are a constant desire to void the 
urine, which is of a very dark colour—often almost black. Great pain, as 
evidenced by the expression of countenance and by groans, as well as by 
frequent wistful looks at the loins. On pressing these parts there is some 
tenderness, but not excessive, as in rheumatism. The pulse is quick, 
hard, and full. The attitude of the hind quarters is peculiar, the horse 
