514 THE MORSE. 
part of the oats. Half a drachm of the sulphate of iron (powdered) should 
be mixed with each feed (that is, four times a day), and the horse should 
be well clothed and his legs warmly bandaged in a cool and airy (but not 
cold and draughty) loose box. By attention to these directions the attack 
may generally be subdued in a few days, but there is always a great 
tendency to its return. Should it persist in spite of the adoption of the 
measures already recommended, the following ball may be tried :— 
dingo ae (Crate INGCIS GG Gg 6 5 Oo 0 6 6 oo 6 6 5 Be heNOin, 
Opium 1 drachm. 
Treacle and Linseed Meal enough to make into a ball, which should be given 
twice a day. 
Hamaturea, like diabetes, is easily recognised by the presence of blood 
in greater or less quantities passed with the urine. It is not, however, of 
the bright red colour natural to pure blood, but it is more or less dingy, 
and sometimes of a smoky brown colour, as occurs in inflammation. 
Bloody urine, however, may often be passed without any sign of that 
condition, and therefore unaccompanied by pain, or any other urgent 
symptom. The causes are exceedingly various. Sometimes a parasitic 
worm (Strongylus gigas) has been discovered, after death from hematurea, 
in the kidney, and was apparently the cause of the mischief. At others, 
this organ has been found disorganised by cancer or melanosis—and again 
a sharp calculus has been known to bring on considerable bleeding, and 
this last cause is by no means infrequent. The symptoms are the existence 
of bloody urine unaccompanied by pain or irritation, marking the absence 
of nephritis. As to treatment little can be done in severe cases, and mild 
ones only require rest, a, dose of physic, and perhaps the abstraction of 
three or four quarts of blood. Green food should be given, and the diet 
should be attended to as for diabetes. If the urine is scanty, yet evi- 
dently there is no inflammation, two or three drachms of nitre may be 
given with the mash at night, but this remedy should be employed with 
great caution. 
INACTION OF THE KIDNEYS is so common in every stable that the groom 
seldom thinks it necessary even to inform his master of its occurrence. 
An ounce of nitre is mixed and given with a bran mash as a matter of course, 
end sometimes more violent diuretics are resorted to, such as powdered 
resin and turpentine. Very often the kidneys are only inactive because 
the horse has not been regularly watered, and in those stables where an 
unlimited supply is allowed this condition is comparatively rare. ‘There 
is no harm in resorting to nitre occasionally, but if it is often found 
necessary to employ this drug, the heaith is sure to suffer, and an altera- 
tion in the diet should be tried in preference. At all events, if it is 
given, the horse should be allowed to drink as much and as often as he 
likes, without which the stimulus to the kidneys will be doubly preju- 
dicial, from being in too concentrated a form. 
DISEASES OF THE BLADDER. 
THE BLADDER is subject to inflammation of its coats or neck—to spasm 
—and to the formation of calculi. 
INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER (cystitis) is not very common excepting 
when it is produced by irritants of a mechanical or chemical nature. 
Thus, when the kidneys secrete a highly irritating urine, the bladder 
suffers in its passage, and we have the two organs inflamed at the same 
time. Again, when cantharides have been given with a view to stimulate 
