DISEASES Of THE BLADDER. 515 
exhausted nature, or when they are absorbed from the surface of the skin, 
as sometimes happens in blistering, the bladder is liable to become in- 
flamed. ‘The symptoms are—a quick pulse—pain in the hind quarter, 
evinced by the looks of the animal in that direction—and constant 
straining to pass the urine, which is thick and mixed with mucus, or in 
aggravated cases with purulent matter. The treatment to be adopted if 
the case is severe will consist in venesection, back-raking, and purgation 
with linseed or castor oil, avoiding aloes, which have a tendency to irritate 
the bladder. Linseed tea should be given as the sole drink, and scalded 
linseed mixed with a bran mash as food. The following ball may also be 
given, and repeated if necessary :— 
Take of Powdered‘Opium. . . . 2 sfah% oe 6 eedrachm. 
TartarWmetic, 2. . . Jain co pemlen re! eal goelencenobtien. 
To be made up into a ball with Linseed Meal and boiling water, and given 
every six hours. 
RETENTION OF URINE may be due either to inflammation of the neck of 
the bladder, occasioning a spasmodic closure of that part, or there may be 
spasm unattended by inflammation and solely due to the irritation of 
some offending substance, such as a calculus, or a small dose of cantharides. 
The treatment in either case must be directed to the spasmodic constric- 
tion, which is generally under the control of large doses of opium and 
camphor, that is, from one drachm to two drachms of each, repeated eyerv 
five or six hours. If the symptoms are urgent, bleeding may also be 
resorted to, and when the bladder is felt to be greatly distended, no time 
should be lost in evacuating it by means of the catheter, which operation, 
however, should only be entrustéd to a regular practitioner accustomed to 
its use. 
CALCULI IN THE BLADDER are formed of several earthy salts, and present 
various forms and appearances, which may be comprised under four 
divisions. 1st. The mulberry calculus, so named from its resemblance to 
a mulberry, possessing generally a nucleus (see fig. 1). 2d. A very soft 
kind resembling fullers’ earth in appearance, and being chiefly composed 
of phosphate of lime and mucus (see fig. 2). 3d. Calculi of a white or 
Fic. 1. Urinary CALCULI. Fia. z. 
vellowish colour, rough externally and easily friable (see fig. 3). And 
4th. Those which are composed of regular layers, and which are harder 
than the second and third varieties (see fig. 4). 
The mulberry calculus, from its extremely rough surface, occasions 
more irritation than other forms, but during life it is impossible to 
LEQ 
