516 THE HORSE. 
ascertain the exact chemical nature of the calculus which may be ascer- 
tained to exist. These calculi sometimes attain an immense size, weighing 
several pounds. ‘The symptoms are a difficulty of voiding the urine, 
which generally comes away in jerks after great straining and groaning. 
The horse remains with his legs extended for some time afterwards, and 
evidently indicates that he feels as if his bladder was not relieved. Often 
there is muco-purulent matter mixed with the urine, which is rendered 
thick and glutinous thereby, but this only happens in cases of lone 
standing. ‘The treatment must be either palliative or curative. If the 
Fic. 3. URINARY CALCULL Fic. 4. 
former, it should consist in the adoption of the means employed for 
subduing irritation and inflammation of the bladder which have been 
already described. The cure can only be effected by removing the stone. 
This requires the performance of a difficult and dangerous operation 
(lithotomy), the details of which can be only useful to the professed 
veterinary surgeon, and I shall therefore omit them here. 
DISEASES OF THE GENERATIVE: ORGANS. 
BaLANITIs, or inflammation of the glans penis, (BaXavos, glans,) is very 
common in the horse, being brought on by the decomposition of the 
natural secretions, when they have been allowed to collect for any length 
of time. At first there is merely a slight discharge of pus, but in process 
of time foul sores break out, and very often fungous growths spring from 
them, which block up the passage through the opening of the sheath, and 
cause considerable swelling and inconvenience. These are quite distinct 
from warts, which occur in this part just as they do in other situa- 
tions. The treatment requires some skill and experience, because mild 
remedies are of no use, and severe ones are not unattended with danger. 
The parts must first of all be well cleansed by syringing, or if the end of 
the penis can be laid hold of, by washing with a sponge. The following 
wash may then be applied, and it should be repeated every day :— 
Take of Solution of Chloride of Zinc. . ... . =. =. 2drachms. 
WEE? 6 66056600000 5606 09 6 0 o A jobiie, WE. 
If the morbid growths are very extensive, nothing but amputation of 
the penis or the use of corrosive sublimate will remove them. Severe 
hemorrhage sometimes follows both of these measures, but it seldom goes 
on to a dangerous extent. Still it is scarcely advisable for any one but a 
professional man to undertake the operation. 
IN THE MABE THE VAGINA is sometimes inflamed, attended with a 
