528 THE HORSE. 
carefully examined, and if possible rectified. A pint of linseed, scalded, 
and mixed with a bran mash every night, or scalded malt given in equal 
quantities with the corn ; or in the spring time, vetches, clover, or lucerne, 
will do more than any medicine ; but when there is a deficient appetite, 
or the bowels or stomach, or either of them, are evidently much weakened 
and disordered, a stomachic ball once or twice a week will do good. The 
remedies appropriate to these several conditions will be found under their 
respective heads at pages 500 and 507. 
MANGE. 
Mance corresponds with the itch of the human subject in being pro- 
duced by a parasitic insect, which is an acarus, but of a different species 
to that of man, and of a much larger size, so as to be readily visible to the 
naked eye. It is generally produced by contact with horses previously 
affected with the same disease, but it appears highly probable that a poor, 
half-starved animal, allowed to accumulate all kinds of dirt on his skin, 
will develop the parasite, though how this is done is not clearly made out. 
The whole subject of parasites is wrapt in mystery, which modern 
researches appear likely to fathom, but hitherto little progress has been 
made except in the history of the metamorphoses of the tape-worm, from 
the analogy of which some idea may be formed of the probable modes 
of production of other parasites. When caused by contagion, as certainly 
happens in the vast majority of cases, the first symptoms noticed will be 
an excessive itching of the skin, which is soon followed by a bareness of 
the hair in patches, partly caused by constant friction. The disease 
usually shows itself on the side of the neck, just at the edges of the 
mane, and on the insides of the quarters near the root of the tail. From 
these parts the eruption extends along the back and down the sides, 
seldom involving the extremities excepting in very confirmed cases. 
After a time the hair almcst entirely falls off, leaving the skin at first 
bare and smooth, with a few small red pimples scattered over it, each 
of which contains an acarus, and these are connected by furrows, along 
which the acari have worked their way to their present habitation. 
In process of time the pimples increase in number and size, and 
from them a matter exudes which hardens into a scab, beneath which, 
on examination, several acari may readily be seen, moving their legs like 
mites in a cheese, to which they are closely allied. At first the mangy 
horse may keep his health, but after a time the constant irritation makes 
him feverish ; he loses flesh, and becomes a most miserable object ; but 
such cases of neglect are happily rare in the present day. The treatment 
must be addressed to the destruction of the life of the acarus, which, as 
in the human subject, is rapidly destroyed by sulphur, turpentine, arsenic, 
hellebore, and corrosive sublimate. Some of these drugs are, however, 
objectionable, from being poisonous to the horse, as well as to the parasite 
which preys upon him, and they are, therefore, not to be employed 
without great and urgent necessity, in consequence of the failure of milder 
remedies. The following recipes may be relied on as perfectly effica- 
cious, the former being sufficient in mild cases, and the latter being strong 
enough in any. 
1. Take of Common Sulphur ... . oo Do do oo) OOH 
Sperm or Train Oil .. . 6 650 6 6 9 Ad ypu 
Spirit of Turpentine . . . 2) emo OZSs 
Mix and rub wel nf into the skin with a flannel, or in preference with a painter’s 
brush 
