536 TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE [Se3S. lx. 



the Diatomacete, and the Phieophycea;. Chlororufin, 

 which is apparently of lipochrome nature, is found in the 

 Chlorophyllacea?. All these lipochromes occur in close 

 association with chlorophyll, but without this direct 

 association we have many of the pigments of Fungi, the 

 carotin of the carrot, and the red and yellow colouring 

 matters of many fruits and flowers. In almost all these 

 instances, except in Fungi, the lipochrome either occurs 

 in crystals, or associated with differentiated portions of 

 protoplasm, the chlorophyll bodies, or chloroplasts. The 

 lipochromes of Fungi occur as oily drops in the proto- 

 plasm. Recently Schrotter-Kristelli (16) has announced 

 that in the aril of Afzelia cuanzensis a lipochrome, which 

 he regards as identical with that of the carrot, occurs 

 dissolved in a fatty oil, and not in connection with 

 chromoleucites. In addition to the above, lipochromes 

 are the cause of the colour of many autumnal leaves. 

 The origin of such lipochromes is apparently always from 

 the lipochromes of the chlorophyll corpuscles, but the 

 lipochrome colour may be masked by other pigments. 



In consequence of the frequent association of lipo- 

 chromes with the chlorophyll corpuscles of plants, there 

 has been a general tendency to regard the former as 

 derivatives of true chlorophyll, but of this there is no 

 direct evidence. There seems no doubt that chlorophyll 

 contains nitrogen, while all the lipochromes are non- 

 nitrogenous. Again, lipochromes occur in abundance in 

 Fungi, and in animals, where an origin from chlorophyll 

 is impossible. On the other hand, whatever future 

 research may disclose as to the nature or origin of 

 chlorophyll, it is at present a false simplification to 

 assume that because it is usually found in association 

 with a fatty pigment, it necessarily arises from this 

 pigment. 



So far, we have dealt with more or less well-established 

 facts, but it is when we attempt to discriminate between 

 the various lipochromes of phanerogams, that we enter 

 upon controversial matter. Since Hansen first performed 

 the experiment, now repeated in every laboratory, of 

 separating the lipochrome of green leaves from the 

 chlorophyll proper, the association of lipochrome and 



