1 895- ^O- 9- HYDR.-BIOL. STUDIES OF THE XORW. FISHERIES. I9 



bulk of it, as we know from Tor nee' s"^ Surface Chart of the Norwegian 

 Northern Ocean Expedition, follows the trend of the Nonvegian Coast 

 in a Northerl}- direction. 



The surface temperatures are very characteristic. The Baltic Cur- 

 rent conveys warmer water than that of the Atlantic. Thus the surface 

 water of the Christiania Fjord, in August 1893, was found to be 17", 

 that of the West Coast 1 5 °, whilst the temperatures of Atlantic Water 

 at the same time were 11", 12". and 1 3 ", conditions which also are 

 very instructively indicated in Mohn's Chart- of the distribution of sur- 

 face temperatures, on the results obtained from the Norwegian Northern 

 Ocean Expedition. 



The conditions here described according to Surface Chart A, are, 

 in all main particulars, previously known. We find the same conditions 

 pictured in both Tornoe's Surface Chart from the Norwegian Northern 

 Ocean Expedition^ as well as in the account of the German ^Drache-<- 

 Expedition^. Mohn also says, in respect to the North going current 

 along the West Coast 'Summer): »Off the West Coast of Norway, be- 

 tween the 59th and 63rd degree of latitude, the current flows in a 

 northerl}- direction with considerable force, up to 20 miles in the da}'.« 



It also appears from ]SIohn's Charts that the current continues along 

 the Northern Coast, whilst, in opposition to this, Tornee's Surface Chart 

 indicates that, during the Summer, there is a flo\\- to the Southward in 

 that northern portion of the land, conveying layers of fresher water 

 along the Shores of Norway. Tornoe says, »On both sides of the salt 

 Surface Current flowing over the middle of the Nonvegian Sea (The 

 Atlantic Water), the Saline Contents become less on the one side to- 

 wards the Norwegian Coast, and on the other side towards the East 

 Greenland Polar Current, a diminution, which on account of the pre- 

 vaihng conditions of the winds, are neither even nor regular. Thus, from 

 the North Sea, there flows in a northerly direction along the West Coast 

 of Norway a surface current of little salineness, »the Baltic Current, 

 which in 62 " N. Lat., where the land trends towards the North East, 

 leaves it, and continues flowing in a northerly direction until its influence 

 gradually becomes lost at a distance of about 80 miles from the coast. 

 A less perceptible similar coastal current proceeds from the Vest Fjord 



1 Tornoe. Om saltlioldigheden i norske Nordhav. Pl. no. i. (On the Salineness in the 



Norwegian Northern Seas.) 

 - Log. cit. See, besides H. N. Dickson: Report on Physical Investig^ations carried out 



on board H. M. S. »Jackal c Twelfth ann. Rep of the Fish. Board of Scotland. 



Plate XVI. 

 3 Die Ere, der Untersuchungsfahrten S. M. Knbt: »Drachec Berlin 1SS6. Taf. B. i. 



2* 



