l895- ^C). 9. HYDR.-BIOI.. STlDIliS OF TIIK NOKW. FISHERIES. 23 



face in the section Fig. 3, than in the other sections. It is characteristic 

 the 35 per 1000 cur\e in Figs. 2 and 3, is almost parallel with that of 

 34 per 1000, and, like it, turns down towards the Norwegian Coast. 

 That the bottom relations are also of great consequence in the confor- 

 mation of the layers appears to be indicated by Fig. i, as one there 

 will perceive that tlie North Sea Water is much deeper in the Nor- 

 wegian Channel than outwards towards the Jutland Reef where the 

 Atlantic Water rises extremely high towards the surface. It will be 

 remembered that the Baltic Current also runs in the Norwegian Channel, 

 and is deepest along the Norwegian Coast. 



In the Christiania Fjord the surface in November 1893, was entirely 

 flooded by the Baltic Current (see Surface Chart B of a low salineness 

 (Station 18, depth o mètres = 26.83 P^r iOOO\ The sounding operations, 

 however, shewed that this layer was of but insignificant deptli. This ap- 

 pears in a high degree from Station 18: 



One will notice how rapidly the salineness and temperature) rises 

 in the deep, so that, at about 8 mètres, the Bank Water is met with 

 see PI. V, Fig. 2\ One will further obser\e the great difference between 

 the Summer (PI. V, Fig. i] and these Autumnal conditions, the best 

 proof that the Baltic Current, during the Autumn, even in such close 

 vicinit}' to rivers as in the Christiania Fjord, dwindles down to a thin 

 superficial layer, whilst, at the same time the Bank Water increases, 

 greatly, in thickness. 



The temperature conditions during Autumn, differ, above all, from 

 those of the Summer in the highest temperature being, not on the 

 surface, but at a greater or lesser depth beneath it. A maximum of 

 temperature forms in the deep. In all three figures i, 2 and 3 PI. Ill) 

 a maximum of 90 will be found; in Figs, i and 2, one will observe 

 10», and in Fig. i, alone. 1 1 0, whilst Station 18. in the ^Christiania 

 Fjord PI. I. Fig. 2 , shews as much as i2.2'\ These maxima all prove 

 to be most marked in the neighbourhood of the Norwegian Coast. In 

 Figs. I and 2. 9" embraces a much larger layer of water near land 



