1 895- ^C»- 9- HYDR.-BIOL. STUDIHS OF THE XORW. FISHERIES. 



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that which took place the previous year. I had, however, during this 

 Autumn, to confine myself to a number of local investigations in the 

 Spring Herring District, and in the Christiania Fjord, as, during the 

 various autumnal months, collections were made, so far as was possible, at 

 one and the same spot. In the following pages I will, therefore, first 

 deal with the investigations from the West Coast, and then those from 

 the Christiania Fjord. 



October month (PI. I, Fig. 3, Fig. 1 1", forms, in many respects, a 

 transition from Summer to Autum. The Baltic Current was certainly 

 not present in the Spring Herring District on the day the materials 

 were collected. As we shall, presently, see, the current was again there 

 in November. The Baltic Current is therefore, probabh-, but temporarily, 

 removed from the Spring Herring District by westerly winds. The Bank 

 Water is, certainly, about 40 mètres in thickness, and thus indicates the 

 commencing Autumnal conditions, but the thickness of the layer in 

 October is, however, small, compared with that later on in the Autumn 

 (December^, and during the Winter. 



It is a marked characteristic of Summer conditions that the i\tlantic 

 Water rises to a height of 100 mètres beneath the surface (Fig. i). The 

 temperature conditions too, recall the Summer Season. The temperature 

 falls in the deep; 10.4 on the surface, 6.80 at a depth of 245 mètres 

 (see Stations 85 to 89\ It is of importance to know that the warmth 

 of the superficial layers shews a tendency to remove downwards. 

 Whilst, during the Summer PI. I, P'ig. 16), 8" was found at a depth of 

 fully 60 mètres, we find that it has sunk down to a depth of over 

 100 mètres in October. As will be subsequently seen, this warmth 

 removes even still further downwards during the late months of Autumn 

 (No Maximum therefore occurred in October 94). 



The Surface Chart for November i8g4 has been previously referred to. 

 In the deep 'PI. I, Figs. 4 and 12), we find the Baltic Current on the 

 West Coast to a depth of about 50 mètres, but it has a salineness 

 which nearly approaches 32 per 1000, for instance, on the surface at 

 Station 90, 31. 44 per 1000. Under this current we meet with the Bank 

 Water ^50 to 60 mètres deep^, whilst the Atlantic Water has descended 

 to a depth of over 200 mètres. Figure 4, PI. Ill, has been framed on 

 the basis of knowledge derived from Station 90, and the steamship 

 route, England — Haugesund, the 13th to 15th November. This figure is 

 therefore to a great extent skeleton-like, and built on far fewer obser- 

 vations than Figs, i to 3, PI. Ill, which were framed from investigations 



