26 JOH AX HJORT. M-N. Kl. 



during the previous year. The direction of the 35 per 1000 Une 

 is, especially, hypothetical. It will, however, appear from the 

 figures, that the hydrographical conditions in November 1894, varied 

 to a great extent from those in November 1893. What may be more 

 particularly noticable is the presence of the Baltic Current near to the 

 land, and that the temperature along the shore is much lower, the 

 maximum being 8«, and not greatly above that of the surface and 

 bottom. a 



On the West Coast, the mojith of December i8q4, differed con- 

 siderably from November of that year. The Baltic Current was entirely 

 absent, and the Bank Water was of great thickness. It will be seen 

 from the figures Tl. I, Figs. 5 and 13; PI. II, Fig. 5) that the saltest 

 layer of Bank Water '33 — 34 per looo) was on the surface and was 

 above 100 mètres in thickness; on the 15th December, up to 150 mètres. 

 It is equally characteristic that the Atlantic Water zuas entirely absent 

 in the Spring Herring District from the depths that were investigated. 

 Even at a depth of 250 mètres we find (Station 97) a salineness of but 

 34.40 per 1000. The Sea itself down in the deep along the shore is, 

 therefore, of a very îinifortn salineness. From o to a depth of 

 250 mètres the salineness increases by only 1.5 per lOOO. As will be 

 seen by what follows here, this condition, during certain years., continues 

 throughout the entire Winter proper, and first changes when, in the 

 Spring, the increasing Baltic Current forces its way to the West Coast. 

 The Temperature Conditions shew that the Autumnal maximum spreads 

 downwards to\\ards the bottom. Whilst during October and November 

 80 was met with at a depth of 100 mètres, and at greater depths a 

 temperature of about 7", we find that in December the temperature at 

 a depth of 250 mètres was 8 degrees (Station 97). The highest tempe- 

 rature is, therefore, then met with near land, in the Spring Herring 

 District near the bottom, a condition which, as will be subsequently 

 seen, continues until the temperature commences to rise again on the 

 Surface (see Spring). And it will be further noticed that the temperature in 

 December, down in the deep, is warmer than at any other time of 

 the year. 



The conditions at the mouth of the Christiania Fjord also proved 

 to be different in 1894, to those of 1893. 



From my representation of the investigations made in November 

 1893, it will be remembered that the Baltic layer in the Christiania 

 Fjord was extremely thin, at most 8 mètres, whilst the Bank W^ater 



