1 89^ Xo. 9. HYDR.-BIOL. STUDIES OF THE NORW. FISHERIES. 



itself. SO far up the Fjord as Vallo (III 1 7 rose high up towards the 

 surface. In Xovember and December 1894, numerous samples of water 

 were obtained during the fisher>- (See Preface). In both these months 

 it appeared that the Baltic layer was much deeper than during the 

 pre\-ious year. In PI. V, Figs. 3 and 4 represent local sections of the 

 sea near land, while Fig. 3 indicates the conditions in November 1893 

 (Fig. 2. based on the investigations at \'allo. is made of a spot con- 

 siderably further up the Fjord than Figs. 3 and 4}. In 1894, the Baltic 

 layers were above 50 mètres deep, even at the \er>- mouth of the Fjord, 

 while in 1893, they were, at most, 8 mètres. This appears still more 

 clearly from a section of the Skagerak, South East of Fredriksvæm 

 Pl. \'. Fig. 5). In this it will be seen that the Baltic Current runs 

 along the land as a deep layer; only when 12 to 16 miles from the 

 coast does it approach the surface. 



At the same time it will be noticed that the Tetnperature Condiiians, 

 as on the \\'est Coast, differed from those of the previous year. The 

 Baltic Current was cold compared to the Bank Water and that of the 

 North Sea. In Fig. 3, we find a temperature on the surface of 6.2"; in 

 Fig. 4. 4.3"; in Fig. 5, 6.2°, 6.-^,^, and 5.1", these cold temperatures 

 accompanying the Baltic layer. A temperature of 8° is first met with 

 in the Bank Water, and such high temperatures as those of the previous 

 year do not appear in any of the observations made during November and 

 December 1894 see Stations 100 — 120). In Fig. 5. a maximum of 9" 

 will first be observed in the North Sea Water. The Atlantic Water, as 

 during the Summer, does not reach the Christiania Fjord compare 

 Fig. I, PI. V). One may seek for the reason why similar seasons of 

 the \ear can be so at variance in t^vo successive years as was the case 

 in November 1893 and 1894. This is, in the main, undoubtedly due to 

 the Baltic Current, which, in its turn, is dependent in part, on the 

 annual rainfall, and, in part, on the prevaiUng winds. The Autumn of 

 1893, was unusually stormy. From October 1893, to March 1894, the 

 W^est Coast of Norway was visited by continual, and occasionally hea\y 

 westerly Gales. It appears natural that these must have, and that to 

 the greatest extent, contributed partly to converting the Baltic Current 

 to Bank Water, and partly to forcing this from without, in towards the 

 coast. On the other hand, calm weather was much more prevalent 

 during the Autumn of 1894. Many other circumstances may, however, 



:ee Chart of Depths, III. 



