1895- ^O. 9. HVDR.-BIOL. STUDIES OF THE NORW. FISHERIES. 39 



a depth of from 200 to 300 metres, is, oft" the West Coast during the 

 Summer, 5.5 •• to 6.5 ». 



During the Autumn tlie surface cools. In October on the West 

 Coast 10 to no (1894) is met with, and in Xovember a maximum 

 temperature beneath the surface is thereb}- developed see PI. II, Figs, i, 

 2 and ;). This maximum is most obsenable near land, and its de- 

 grees of temperature are highest nearest to the Christiania Fjord (11 

 to 12 0), whilst North, by the Sogne Fjord, it but attains lower tempera- 

 tures 9''). This is explained by the surface during the Summer being 

 warmest near land the Baltic Current is there freshest and deepest), 

 and the surface is, besides, warmest during the Summer near the East 

 Coast and the Baltic. It is, moreover, characteristic of the Autumn that 

 the warmth descends dim^nwards tcnvards the bottam, so that the tem- 

 perature in the deep 200 to 3oo mètres' during late Autumn Decem- 

 ber) increases to 8 °, and thus become higher than at any other period 

 of the year. The difference of temperature bet^veen the Baltic Current, 

 on the surface, and the Bank Water can be ver>' great during the 

 Autumn. Thus in 189;, in the Christiania Fjord at o mètres it was 

 4.3" in the Baltic Water), at a depth of 6 mètres 11.20 (in the Bank 

 Water). The Baltic Current therefore cools excessively during the 

 Autumn, and thereby passes through all degrees of temperature, from 

 the Summer warmth down to about 4 at the end of the Autumn. 

 The Autumn thus concludes with this circumstance viz., that the highest 

 temperature is to be found in the deep 7 " to S^ at a depth of from 

 200 to joo metres. This condition is characteristic of the U inter 

 Period. In ordinary Winters, when the air temperature is not too cold, 

 the closest connection appears between the sahneness and the tempera- 

 ture, thus that 



The Atlantic Ocean Water corresponds to 7 'Mo 6 " 

 - North Sea » — > — 5 " 



and - Baltic Current > _ _ 2 <> to — i ". 



The temperature, therefore, varies according as the coast is washed 

 by water of the one or the other degree of salineness. In cold Winters 

 the current may flow on along the coast at a great depth, and a tem- 

 perature of from I " to 2 " may then be found down at such a depth. 

 In other (warm) Winters a temperature of 5 °, and water of the saline- 

 ness of the North Sea Water, is met with on the surface. The cold 

 of Winter transplants itself, besides, downwards towards the bottom, so 

 that so eariy as in January and Februar)-, the temperature in the deep 



