The Literature on the Classification of the Hystcriales. 181 
In 1825 (28) Fries altered somewhat his classification of the 
Pyrenomycetes. He included under Sphaeriacei a sub-order 
Dichaenei with his genera Dichaena and Ostropa, and under 
Phacidiacei the sub-orders Patellarei including, among others, 
Tryblidium ; Cenangei; Cliostomei including Glonium, Lophium 
and Actidium; and Phacidiei, including Hysterium. He noted 
for Hysterium that ‘‘Nominis Auctor est Tode, sed nulla illius 
species huc pertinet.’’ In reality, as von Hoehnel (76) points out, 
the name should be cited as Hysterium Fries. 
In these two works and in Observationes Mycologicae (29) and 
Elenchus fungorum (30) Fries gave various synonyms and author 
citations, including many of the authors previously mentioned 
in this summary. He did not pay much attention to spore 
characters in his descriptions of these fungi. Fries’ later ideas 
are given below. 
Brongniart (31, p. 93) included the “Tribes” Sphaeriacées (in- 
cluding Lophium) and Phacidiacées in the Hypoxylées. 
Greville (32, Vol. , pl. 167) in 1825 gave excellent plates of several 
Hysteria. He figured, for the first time, the asci and spores of 
certain forms. Greville placed Lophium with Hysterium in the 
Tribe Phacidiei of the order Phacidiacei. Acrospermum was in- 
cluded (Vol. v1) in the Gasteromycetes. 
Chevallier (33) revived De Candolle’s name Hypoderma, and 
transferred three species from that genus to his new genus 
Lophoderma. In 1826(34, p. 432) Chevallier proposed the order 
Hysterineae to include Lophium, Hysterium, Lophodermium 
(as he spelled it here) and his new genus Schizoderma (? = Di- 
chaena Fr.). This order he placed in his class Cheilomycei. 
Acrospermum he included in the Sclerotiaceae. Chevallier 
placed Leptostroma, Actinothyrium, Phacidium, Eustegia, 
Rhytisma, and Phoma in his order Rhytismaceae. 
Schweinitz (35, 36) described for North America forty-three new 
species in Hysterium, Dichaena, Ostropa, Lophium, Glonium 
and Actidium, out of a total of sixty-seven species in these 
genera, which he considered to occur in his collections. Since 
he did not describe the asci and spores of these forms, much 
uncertainty still exists as to the nature of his species. Acro- 
spermum was placed in his earlier work iri Tremella. Schweinitz 
followed Fries’ classification in his later work. 
Duby (37, Vol. 1, p. 718) followed Brongniart’s classification. His 
later work is noted below. 
Wallroth (38, p. xxix) included Xyloma, Phacidium, Tryblidium, 
Colpoma (a genus he described to include Hystertum quercinum 
Pers.), Lophium, Hysterium, Stictis, and Peziza in the Hymeno- 
mycetes of Fries. 
Fries, in his Epicrists (39, p. t) proposed the name Discomycetes, 
