I22 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
are offered for this, in order to reduce the pressure upon the 
poorer agricultural population. So far as cutch-boiling is con- 
cerned, sa trees are marketable as soon as they are a foot in 
diameter, but felling is usually limited to trees of 44 feet in girth 
at 6 feet above the ground, in order to ensure proper regenera- 
tion and the maintenance of future supplies. To regulate the 
manufacture of cutch, many of the best tracts have been reserved, 
and are worked by area, like coppices in Britain, with a rotation 
of about 30 years. In such reserves the right of making the 
fall of timber in the precise locality permitted by the working- 
plan is sold by auction each year, and the blanks thus formed 
are sown with seed; but outside these reserves the neighbouring 
villagers are permitted to fell and boil, after taking out licences 
for a specific number of trees. Seed-production is abundant, 
and natural regeneration is prolific, while the tree coppices 
freely. But, in addition to relying on spontaneous growth, much 
is also done in the way of sowings to increase supplies in the 
drier forests where the growth of teak is less vigorous than that 
of cutch, as is particularly the case in the drier forests where the 
timber-trees are chiefly associated with small kinds of bamboos. 
The fragrant, yellowish-brown SaNDALWooD (Santalum album) 
is mainly confined to the dry region of Southern India. Its 
finest growth and development are attained in Mysore and 
Coorg, where the most oily and heavily-scented wood is found 
between 2000 and 3000 feet elevation. Its hard, heavy, oily, 
close-grained, and strongly-scented wood, so well known in the 
shape of carved boxes, frames, and similar small articles, is 
largely exported to Europe and Arabia, but most of it goes to 
China, to be converted into coffins for rich people. It is not a 
tree of large dimensions, as one of the largest known only 
measures 66 inches at 5 feet above the ground. The whole of 
the annual sales of this, the most costly of all the Indian woods 
per cubic foot, amount to only a little over 2000 tons, having 
an export value of about £40,000, of which about 1850 tons 
are produced in Mysore, 100 in Coorg, and 75 in Madras. In 
Mysore sandalwood is a royal monopoly, and most of the wood 
brought to market is cut in hedgerows and scrub jungles outside 
the areas demarcated as reserved forests. The proportion of the 
valuable scented heartwood is only about one-half of the log, 
while the unscented sapwood has little or no value. Even the 
fragrant sawdust or powder, used for distilling the sandalwood 
