172 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
and subordinate permanent establishments, cost £854,000 (in- 
cluding all salaries, allowances, contributions ‘to pension-fund, 
etc.); felling, extraction, and regeneration cost £1,114,164; and 
sundries amount to £212,415. There are 889 head foresters and 
higher officials, 120 forest accountants, 3925 foresters, and 715 
assistant foresters, but the number of labourers entertained per- 
manently in the woods is not given. 
So, too, in the State Forests of Bavaria (2,313,000 acres), the 
budget for 1905 showed a gross income of £2,082,500, and an 
expenditure of £914,200, leaving a net revenue of £1,168,300, 
or over tos. 1d. per acre. The permanent establishment (con- 
sisting of 743 officers and 1698 subordinates) cost £318,000, 
47765 was allowed for forestry instruction (at Munich Univer- 
sity, at Aschaffenburg, and at five elementary schools for forest 
apprentices), and £475,150 was spent on work in the forests (of 
which £337,400 was for the felling and handling of wood, and 
472,500 for soil-preparation, sowing, and planting, ze., about 
£400,000 was distributed among hands employed on daily 
labour). 
Hitherto, in Prussia, there have been two elementary schools, 
at Proskaw and Gross-Schonebeck, to educate apprentices for the 
subordinate forest service; but these have now been found insuffi- 
cient. As about two hundred apprentices are needed annually, 
and as it has been decided that it is not convenient to have more 
than fifty in one school, four schools have been organised from 
1st October 1905—at Gross-Schénebeck, Margoninsdorf (Posen), 
Steinbusch (Frankfort-on-Oder), and also Hachenburg (Wies- 
baden), that at Proskaw being given up. Attendance at one of 
these schools for a twelvemonth’s course is now obligatory, and 
must take place in continuation of a twelvemonth’s practical 
course spent under a head forester in the woods. The appren- 
tices live collegiately inside the school buildings, a charge of 
43, 12s. for the year being made for lodging and tuition, while 
the messing is provided at 1s. a day by a steward. For. this 
they get early milk, breakfast, mid-day meal, afternoon milk, 
and supper, the daily ration amounting to 14 lb. rye-bread, 1} 
pints milk, 2 oz. butter, and 6 oz. meat; but there is always 
extra bread on cut in the hall between meals, and on Sundays 
and general holidays a ‘‘ha’penny cookie” is added to the fare. 
On such simple diet the young and growing lads should always 
have a fine, healthy appetite; and between their gymnastics, 
