NOTES ON CONTINENTAL FORESTRY IN 1905. 173 
their simple diet, and the fine fresh woodland air, they ought to 
lay in a good stock of health. In addition to practical instruc- 
tion and outdoor work in forestry, sport, fruit-culture, fish-rearing, 
and bee-keeping, they receive systematic indoor instruction 
in the usual branches of forestry, in woodland sport, in matters 
concerning the forest laws and regulations that will afterwards 
concern them, and in German, arithmetic, composition, drawing, 
and the elements of natural history and science,—besides which 
they have physical exercise in the form of gymnastics and swim- 
ing, are made to practise shooting, and are taught singing and 
horn-blowing, as in Germany the éattues still often begin with a 
horn-signal. The school-year is from rst October till 15th 
September, but during the planting-season the apprentices have 
to work for five or six weeks as planting-hands under proper 
supervision, and at Christmas and Easter they have a further 
release of fourteen days from lectures, being then employed on 
outwork works of protection, etc. In each of the four schools 
the supervision is vested in specially selected forest officials, the 
school itself being under the control of a director. 
For British foresters, one of the most important lessons that 
can be learned from Germany in 1905 is that relating to the 
successful manner in which bisulphide of carbon (CS,) can be 
used to reduce swarms of rabbits; and this is of sufficient import- 
ance to be worthy of a short article to itself (see pp. 104-106). 
Bisulphide of carbon was also, towards the end of May 1905, 
successfully tried for the extermination of cockchafer-grubs 
infesting a young oak-plantation at Lampertheim, in Hesse. 
The operation, which seems rather an expensive one, is described 
as follows:— 
“The damage began in the second half of May. First an 
isolating trench was dug, ro inches deep, and holes were bored 
from 4 to ro inches deep with an iron rod, at distances varying 
from ro to 40 inches apart. At least } oz. (fluid) of the carbon 
bisulphide is measured out in a graduated glass and poured into 
each hole, which is then closed at once. The holes should be 
made to go rather horizontally below the surface, as otherwise 
the grubs near the top may not be affected. Soil-moisture is 
essential for success. In the above case no grubs were to be 
found fourteen days after the treatment, and the plantation 
recovered. Where the holes were wider apart than above, or 
where less than } oz. of the bisulphide was used, the damage 
