PROFITABLE CO-OPERATIVE TIMBER-GROWING, 299 
indeed, without much timber. For the last thirty years they had 
heard it said in that room that steel would shortly be adopted in 
place of wood for sleepers; but although we could make our own 
steel, but had to import our timber sleepers, this had not come to 
pass.” Then Dr Schlich goes on to say: “The same experience 
has been gained in France and in the United States of America, 
the home of the great iron and steel trusts.” 
# 
Woop CoNsUMING INDUSTRIES. 
Most authorities agree that extension of our woodland area 
would also involve the establishment of industries for all kinds 
of forest produce, including small wood, the manufacture of pulp, 
etc. Mr Gamble says there is no reason why much of the private 
waste land in the United Kingdom should not be devoted to 
wood-pulp timber-growing, and there is every reason to think 
that it would be a profitable industry. Mr Lewis Miller said 
the demand for spruce for paper-making had been increasing 
very rapidly during the past few years, on which account the 
price of spruce had gone up very much, and in the future it 
was likely to be as valuable as larch. In a paper read before 
the Society of Arts on 19th May 1905, Mr S. Chas. Phillips, 
M.S.C.I., said: “I think it would be fair to estimate that each 
day one of our large London daily papers consumes ro acres of 
an average forest.” And Mr R. W. Sendall, on the same occa- 
sion, said the daily issue of a halfpenny paper, with a circulation 
of 200,000 copies, consumed no less than 200 trees in the pre- 
paration of wood-pulp. If these statements are correct, they 
show the enormous importance of this industry and the possi- 
bility of its development. 
CONVERSION OF TIMBER IN OR NEAR THE FOREST. 
Mr S. Margerison says: “A considerable amount of addi- 
tional profit may be produced, especially where forestry is con- 
ducted on a large scale, by the partial conversion of the timber 
near to where it is grown, so as to reduce its bulky occupance 
of space in transport, and a consequent reduction of cost of 
carriage.” 
TRANSPORT. 
On this point the same authority says: ‘As to transport, the 
advent of the petrol engine and the rapid evolution of the motor 
