300 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
car and motor waggon have changed the prospects and conditions 
of land carriage very materially. For medium loads we are no 
longer so dependent upon the railways, with their rates of car- 
riage differentiating between native and foreign produce. ‘The 
delays, inconveniences, and friction which have been consequent 
upon handling and transhipping timber from wood-waggon to 
railway trucks, and from the trucks to the wood-waggon again, 
can now, at any rate in the case of converted and semi-converted 
timber, be obviated. Loads of pit-props, deals, planks, etc., could 
be taken straight from the forest or forest saw-mill to the con- 
sumer’s yard by motor waggons.” 
Woops AND GAME. 
This point has been dealt with by several of the authorities. 
It is, of course, the general view that rabbits and woods cannot 
be maintained together, but it is quite possible to have plenty of 
game of other kinds in connection with well managed forests. 
ARTIFICIAL MANURES. 
The importance of artificial manures in forestry has only 
recently been recognised. Extensive experiments have been 
made in Belgium and Germany, and the results have shown 
that with a judicious use of artificial manures the timber 
growth can be wonderfully stimulated, in the early stages at 
least. As yet experiments have not been extended to older 
trees, but it has been clearly demonstrated that where the ground 
is too poor to develop young trees naturally, the application of 
artificial manures has yielded amazing results. These results 
have been tried both with natural regeneration and upon 
plantations which have been unsuccessful without artificial 
aid. Dr Borthwick brought this subject prominently before 
the members of the Royal Scottish Arboricultural Society at 
their annual meeting in February last. 
SMALL HOLDINGS. 
Mr John Annand has expressed the view that any scheme 
of afforestation should be accompanied by the creation of small 
holdings. He points out that all estates have a certain pro- 
portion of arable land which is too valuable for afforestation 
purposes ; and that on purchasing estates. for afforestation such 
