FOREST POLICY IN THE BRITISH EMPIRE. 15 
community where necessary, for the State alone can give 
sufficient guarantee for continuity of action. He shows that 
forests of “‘ Protection” are sometimes required for the preserva- 
tion of the soil or of the water-supply ; for protection against 
winds ; for the benefit of public health, or for the defence of the 
country, etc.; that “State” forests are often very desirable to 
safeguard supply; that the forests of communes, corporations, 
etc., are often best managed by State agency; and that State 
supervision is often very necessary even in the case of private 
forests. 
Part III., “Forestry in the British Empire,” is probably the most 
generally interesting part of, as it certainly occupies the largest 
space in, Dr Schlich’s new volume. The area of the empire 
is given approximately as 12 million square miles, and the 
population at 400 millions. Of this population, of course the 
largest share is set down to India, which has over 294 millions, 
but the chief areas are in Canada and Australia. 
India is the first country dealt with, and here Dr Schlich is 
clearly at home in his knowledge of the country and of what has 
been done in the matter of forest-conservancy. The subject has 
often been discussed and written about, so that it is unnecessary 
to describe in detail the account given by Dr Schlich of the 
establishment of the Forest Department and the work it has 
done. The pictures are a great help to those who have not 
been in India, in assisting them to realise what the forests in 
India and the chief trees are like. Mr Jackson’s pictures of the 
teak plantations in Malabar give a clear idea of the appearance 
of teak when young or old; Mr Milward’s sal photographs are 
equally instructive, and the Himalayan views taken by the same 
officer give a good idea of the appearance of the forests of 
deodar, pine and spruce. The total area of Government Forest 
in India is given at 232,701 square miles, being 24 per cent. of 
the area of the British districts of the country. This area is 
managed by a staff of 200 Imperial service officers, 112 Pro- 
vincial service, 437 Executive, and 9759 Protective service. 
The annual net revenue amounts to about £670,000, to which 
may be added £205,000, the value of produce given away free 
—total, £875,000. ‘The only tree giving an export wood of any 
importance is the teak (Zectona grandis). . 
In Ceylon there is a small department managing 10,567 square 
miles of forest, being 42 per cent. of the area of the island, but 
