228 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY, 
The Punjab Government has urged upon district officers to 
keep in view as the chief means of successful tree-culture (1) 
the enlistment, by their own interest in the matter, of the active 
help of the villagers, and (2) the employment of a properly trained 
expert as district forester, whose time will be taken up chiefly with 
the care of living trees, and not with the sale of dead ones. 
In the Madras Presidency the first results of an important 
experimental cultivation of trees, shrubs and other plants to 
provide leaf-manure for agriculture were published at the close 
of 1905. In May 1904 the Madras Board of Revenue accepted 
the proposals of the three Conservators of Forests to sow the 
seeds of suitable varieties in selected places in the reserved 
forests in Tanjore, Trichinopoly, North Salem, North Arcot and 
Chingleput districts (Central Circle), and in the unreserved lands 
and reserved forests of Madura and Tinnevelly (Southern Circle). 
The Collectors of other districts, where it was considered that 
the existence of a sufficient supply of green manure rendered 
such measures superfluous, were asked to see that the supply 
available was placed at the disposal of the cultivator at a price 
suited to his means. The Board at the same time urged 
that every encouragement and assistance should be given to 
peasants wishing to grow such plants, shrubs and trees on their 
own lands. Experimental cultivation was undertaken on 
a limited scale in the Chingleput, North Arcot, Tanjore, 
Trichinopoly, Madura and Tinnevelly districts. Except in 
Madura all proved a failure, chiefly owing to the unfavourable 
character of the season. In Madura, two blocks of unreserved 
lands were selected with an aggregate extent of 70 acres, lying 
in the Periyar zone and easily accessible. Seeds of Cassia 
auriculata mixed with a small quantity of seeds of other species 
were sown broadcast. Seedlings have sprung up over three- 
fourths of the area sown, and are thriving, although, owing to 
scanty rainfall, their growth is not so good as it might otherwise 
have been. It is hoped that after from three to five years their 
leaves can be cut and used as manure. In the Central Circle 
no such experiments were undertaken in North Salem, but two 
plots with a total area of 168 acres were prepared for sowing in 
1906. The attention of Collectors has again been drawn to 
the importance of placing a good supply of leaf-manure at the 
disposal of the cultivators at moderate rates wherever the want 
of it is felt. But in Tinnevelly the offer of grants of assessed 
