FORESTRY IN THE EXHIBITION AT NURNBERG. 233 
30. Forestry in the Exhibition at Niirnberg.! 
During the present summer and autumn a most interesting 
exhibition of Bavarian industries has been held at Nirnberg, 
and in a country possessing 6} million acres of forest 
(nearly one-third of the total land area), it was only natural to 
expect that Forestry would occupy an important section. In 
point of fact the forestal display, both in its industrial and 
educational aspects, is regarded as the. finest that has ever been 
attempted. A few notes on certain special points may not be 
without interest to English readers. 
Of the 64 million acres of Bavarian forest land, the State owns 
about 24 millions, private individuals about 3 millions, while 
villages, towns, and endowed institutions possess about 1 million. 
Although Bavaria possesses such a wealth of wood, there are 
few countries where more attention is given to methods of 
preservation by means of impregnation. In Great Britain 
impregnation by creosote is by far the commonest practice, 
whereas in Bavaria, and in Germany generally, a mixture of 
creosote and chloride of zinc is most commonly employed, next 
follows chloride of zinc alone, and then comes creosote. The 
comparatively subordinate position occupied by creosote in 
Germany is not due to lack of appreciation of its merits, but is 
entirely a question of expense. In this country, with abundance 
of coal, creosote, a by-product, is cheap ; in Germany, and especi- 
ally in Bavaria, where coal is relatively scarce, creosote is dear, 
and more attention is given to other impregnating substances. 
The different systems or methods of impregnation are 
classified as follows :— 
impregnation by Ascent, where posts or poles in a green state 
are set with their lower ends in a tank of the solution. As the 
sap of the wood is withdrawn from the top by natural evapora- 
tion, the solution enters below and rises in the cells and vessels, 
and in a short time (depending on the kind of pei will appear 
at the upper surface. 
Impregnation by Imbibition takes place where wood is 
thoroughly air-dried, and is then immersed in the solution. 
The water of imbibition, which is in the substance of the cell- 
walls, is expelled and replaced by the solution. 
1 Reproduced from the Journal of the Board of Agriculture for September 
1906, by permission of the Controller of His Majesty’s Stationery Office. 
VOL, XX. PART II. Q 
