2 ili üi-m it « 1^ n ^ fS IC BS -J- ':. »f 32 



\-cin bcN'oiKl the medial eell in tlie hind winijs, as liis lines '^n: "I lintctflügel 

 Kuhitalader über Medianzelle l)edeiiten<l hinausrangcnd" (p. 1 70). In addition 

 to tiiis the author Ljivx"^ tvNo finther characteristics of indica: i) "Männchen: 

 Tibie III an der dursalen Seile ausL,febuchtet und seitliche äussere Wölbung 

 abt^cplattet" (p. I<i9); 2) "Mandibehi und Labium stets heller 'meist rostrot^ 

 gefärbt als der Thorax" (p, lyo). 



I'^roni the siateiiient gixen ab(i\e, we see that the Japanese bee has been 

 l)nt by \'. Ik riij,-Ki';i:ri:x for (he first time in relation to indica established 

 by Fahriclus (i/ijS) as the indei)en(lent species. BiN(iiiA.M (1897), KoscHEVNiKow 

 (1900). Matslmtka (191 i) antl recently v. Uurn:L-KEEi'i:N (1915, 1918) also 

 recognise indica as the indepcntlent species. 



According to Bixcham (1897), ho\\e\er, indica can not sharply be dis- 

 tinguished finin, Init "merges into common A. iitcllijica Linn., the honeybee 

 par e.\ccllerice of Europe." KusciiE\ NiKow (1900) also .says; "A- indica und 

 A- mdlijica zeigen \iele Ahnüchkcitea miteinander; die \'arietäten dieser beiden 

 iVrten zeigen noch mehr übercinstimaving als die typischen Formen." Friese 

 (1920, 1922) puts indca aiJiong wr//z/;V<i on account of liis opinion, according to 

 which in the honey bee onl\' 3 species are to be admitted. If I understand 

 correctly the lines gi\'cn by Fkiesi: in this regard, his \iew, by which various 

 forn;s of the hone)' bee are comprised in the 3 species known as dorsata. florca 

 and ?!iciiißca, is established on 2 points ; firstly, the alterations affected by the 

 domestication and adaptation are so great that celebrated systematists such as 

 CiN'ciiAM, Smith and Rado.szk; av.skv jnit //wVc/^;- from Africa together with the 

 Asiatic indica (IjIN'gmm) and classif)- likewise the Asiatic sinensis (S.mith) and 

 japonica ( Radoszkowskv j with the European inc/lifica ; secondl)-. the 2 forms 

 of the 3 specise, dorsata and florca, which .stand morphologically very distinct 

 not only rr( m each nther. but also froni mclUfica. can not be crossed with 

 the last na;ned species, while indica is crossed with mcUifica successfully. He 

 also saj's : "Apis indica und mcllfica ."-ich derart auch biologisch nahestehen, 

 dass wir sie auch unter einen morphologi.sclicn Speziesnamen \ereinigen können" 

 (1923, p. 344)- "Die Honigbiene [A. nicUifica) ist nur wenig grö,sser als die 

 A- indica. der sie namentlich in Ihren afrikanischen Abaraten wie A. adansoni 

 und unicolor täuschend ähnlich sieht" (Icc cit., p. 357)- 



