Statistical Studies on tiik Variation ok Stagbeetles. 



79 



weak appearance (Fig. I, g. h ) As Fig. I shows, a complete gradation (Fig. 

 I, a-Ji) occurs between the two extreme forms, and a c; ntinuous, fluctuating 

 variation is quite obvious in this species (Fig. I, a-Ji). 



Fig. I. ClmU^nathus incLnatus Motscli. male. View of continuous variation between 

 largest f46mm) a and smallest (25mm) /; variates. b fsömmj small form of 

 high tyge, g (3ommj large individual of low type, while c,d (37mm), ^ (35mm) 

 and / (34mm} show intennediate forms from high to low. (Natural size). 



Examined more precisely, the strength of the antlers together with their 

 curvature is diminished from « to / (Fig. I) by grades until both mandibles 

 are almost parallel to each other, as seen in g and Ii. The tines are also 

 diminished in strength towards the small sized individuals, in which case they 

 are represented merely by the serrated inner edge of the antlers; on the 

 other hand, they get more numerous from the high forms to the low ones 

 (see Fig. I, a~Ii). The variation is indeed, fluctuating ; it is, however, not 

 shown by a straight line, but describes a curve, as the following accounts show. 



