viii CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER IV. 



Conifers for Various Positions. 



For avenues — for the seaside — for exposed situations — for smoky localities — for 

 confined spaces — for hedge purposes. 



CHAPTER V. 



Conifers of Different Characteristics. 



Weeping conifers — fastigiate conifers — variegated conifers — conifers of low, 

 spreading habit — pigmy conifers. 



CHAPTER VI. 



Conifers for Economic Planting. 



CHAPTER VII. 



The Quality of British-grown Coniferous Timbers. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

 Commercial Aspect of Conifers. 



Timber — tar — pitch — turpentine — resin — balsams — spirits — paper — tannin 

 matter — pulp — edible conifer seeds, 



CHAPTER IX. 



Enemies of Coniferous Trees. 



(i) Insects. — Pine beetle — pine weevil — pine sawfly — pine shoot moths — larch 

 miner — bostrichus typographus — larch aphis — sprucegall aphis — 

 pissodes notata — giant sirex — wireworms. 



(2) Animals. — Hare and rabbit — squirrel — rat — mouse — vole. 



(3) .ffzV^J.—Blackgame— crossbill— bullfinch— capercaillie. 



(4) Diseases of Conifers. 



CHAPTER X. 



Variability of Coniferous Trees. 



INDEX. 



