52 HARDY CONIFEROUS TREES. 



western England it succeeds fairly well, and on the sandy 

 soil of Surrey I have seen a well-furnished and healthy speci- 

 men. It is thickly branched, and of tapering outline, with 

 scale-like, imbricated leaves on the adult tree, those on the 

 young plant being needle-like, and each about ^ an inch long. 

 The berries, which are usually produced singly at the branch 

 tips, are smaller than those of our native species. The wood 

 is readily worked, highly fragrant, and, when more plentiful 

 than it is at present, was largely used in the manufacture of 

 lead pencils. A free and light soil, and shadyish situation 

 suit it best. 



J. califbrnica., Carriere. {Synonyms: — ■/. tetragona, 

 osteosperma, Torrey ; /. tetragona, Cooper ; J. occidentalism 

 Gordon.) Utah, Arizona, California. 1839. — According to 

 soil and situation, this species varies considerably, sometimes 

 occurring as a far-spreading, bush-like specimen, while at 

 others it ascends to nearly 30 feet in height. The foliage, 

 too, at different stages of growth varies greatly, the leaves on 

 the younger plants being usually sharp-pointed, and arranged 

 in threes, whereas in after years they are short, blunt, and im- 

 bricated. It grows best in sandy soil. In the absence of 

 fruit it is difficult to distinguish the present species from the 

 better known and more generally cultivated J. occidetitalis. 

 The berries of the latter are not unlike those of our native 

 species, while in /. calif ornica they are larger, the berry being 

 dry and containing only one seed, the stony coating of which 

 is harder than that of any other species of my acquaintance. 

 It is of tree-like growth, with thickly-arranged branches and 

 silvery-greyish leaves, but it has no special recommendation 

 for ornamental planting. The growth, even under the most 

 favourable conditions, is remarkably slow. 



J. californica utahensiS is of low-spreading growth, 

 with stout short branchlets, and an easy and pleasing habit. It 

 has not generally succeeded under cultivation in this country. 



J. chinensis, Linnaeus. {^Synonyms: — ■/. japo?tica, 

 Carriere ; /. flagelliformis and J. Reevesiana, hort.) Hima- 

 laya, China, Japan. 1804. — This is probably the most beauti- 



